伊斯蘭習經院（Pesantren）不但是印尼宗教學者復興會（Nahdatul Ulama）重要的宗教教育機構，也是印尼蘇非道團舉辦各種宗教靈修儀式的主要場域，這使得伊斯蘭習經院在宗教靈修儀式舉辦的過程中，扮演著極為重要的角色，而其宗教觀念與態度對於宗教靈修儀式的類型與內容自然也就會產生一定程度的影響。宗教學者復興會是印尼兩個主要宗教團體之一，由於其強調傳統主義（Traditionalism）路線以及蘇非（Sufism）神學思想，主張融合印尼當地文化，採取九大聖人（Wali Sanga）中蘇南卡里嘉賈（Sunan Kalijaga）的傳教途徑，並藉由伊斯蘭習經院來培育宗教學者與蘇非行者（Sufi），以宗教靈修來實踐與具體化伊斯蘭宗教思想與教義，使得伊斯蘭習經院成為宗教學者復興會的主要宗教教育機構與蘇非修道中心。 由於伊斯蘭習經院是培育印尼蘇非主義神學思想與蘇非行者的核心機構，而宗教靈修儀式又往往是這些蘇非行者實踐其神學理論的具體呈現。為了要了解印尼伊斯蘭習經院在伊斯蘭宗教靈修中扮演何種角色、伊斯蘭習經院對宗教靈修的觀念與態度為何、而印尼宗教靈修儀式的類型與內容又如何呈現蘇非主義的宗教思想，本文將從以下四個議題作為本文探討的主軸：伊斯蘭習經院的宗教實踐、伊斯蘭蘇非道團的宗教靈修、伊斯蘭習經院之宗教靈修儀式類型、伊斯蘭習經院對宗教靈修的態度。 Islamic pesantren is not only an important religious education system of Nahdatul Ulama, but also a major occasion of religious meditation rituals of Sufi orders in Indonesia, hence it plays an important role in the process of the meditation rituals, and its religious concepts and attitudes also influence the genres and contents of religious meditation rituals. Nahdatul Ulama is one of the major religious organizations in Indonesia. Nahdatul Ulama emphasizes traditionalism and Sufism theological thoughts, advocates the syncretism of local cultures, adopts the mission route of Sunan Kalijaga, cultivates religious priests and Sufis by pesantren, and practice and actualize their Islamic thoughts and teachings through the means of religious meditations. Islamic pesantren therefore becomes the major religious education organization and religious center. In order to explore the role, attitude, and genres of religious dhikr meditation at Islamic pesantren in Indonesia, this paper will be divided into the following parts: the religious practice of Islamic pesantren, the religious meditation of Islamic Sufism orders, the genres of religious meditation rituals at Islamic pesantren, and the attitude of Islamic pesantren to religious meditation.
