我國傳統的心靈觀念當中,宗教與人文之間呈現出辨證式的綜合關係,證以老子《道德經》的思想,依然不悖於此一大傳統的義理特色。老子的年代固然一時無法定論,但其具有史官身分已然可信,而史官傳統原與巫覡背景脫離不了關係,從古史上看,雖然曾經發生「巫史分流」的現象,但這樣的演變發展並不代表史官傳統已然喪失其宗教意識,此乃可以從「德行天」的發皇肯定獲得充分的證明。「德行天」的出現代表著人類理性的進步,因為它讓原始宗教中特具無上權威與絕對意志的「神性天」失去影響、逐漸退位,但儘管如此「德行天」其實並不反對我們繼續擁有宗教的情操及信仰。「德行天」開啟了人、天之間暢通的大門;「德行天」更鼓勵我們對天地萬物的愛,它銜接了物、我之間互動的橋樑;「德行天」這種天人不二、物我不隔的智慧,不但興發了世人體道證德的宗教理想,也激勵了世人內聖外王的人文關懷。德行一詞本不限於仁義禮智等倫常道德而已,凡守柔不爭、謙虛退讓、清靜恬淡、和諧寬厚也當屬於德行的範圍內,而道家老子即由此以印證「德行天」的存在。老子相信,唯有守柔不爭、謙虛退讓、清靜恬淡、和諧寬厚等應然的修行,才能完全敞開自己而整全的接納一切、護持一切;老子如此的慧識見地實乃「德行天」另一種方式的體現與證成。 According to the Chinese acient history, historiographer and Shaman ever separated, but its trandition still existed by anthor form. From this hypothesis, my thesis focus on serveral propositions. Fisrt, the humanism of Chises Phiolosophy synthesiz the consciouness of religion. Second, the virtue haven(德行天) of intellectual history affirms the belief of religion without God or divine. Third, the virtue haven reveals the value relation between cosmos and human, and it rises practical wisdom of religion and humanity. Forth, the ‘value’ of Taoism is not limited to general moral idea, it includes non-contest, void-tranquil and harmony. Finally, I conclude, from the thinking of Lao-Zi, that the virtue haven could be the philosophical wisdom.