| 摘要: | 智旭身處的時代背景，可謂是政治腐敗、社會經濟紊亂的態勢。對於當時佛教局勢，他目睹教界門庭諍競、叢林綱紀衰微、戒法不明的諸般問題。秉持不忍聖教衰的護教情懷，智旭矢志投入振興佛教綱紀，以期恢復三學一源，以戒為基的本懷。他一生繫於學戒、講戒弘律及撰述諸經律藏，其持戒嚴己的真摯實踐風格，也為風氣低靡的晚明佛教帶來一股暖流。智旭主張三學一源、禪教律融合的修行方式，認為佛法猶如帝網明珠，法法相融，皆不出於三無漏學的範疇；若能顯發三學之用，即能了知全性起修，全修在性的宗趣。對教理與實踐有深刻體認的智旭，推崇《梵網經》為戒乘的源頭，強調菩薩所持的性遮持犯及重視慧觀的心地法門皆蘊含於戒乘的範圍內；也兼具了事修與理觀，性修不二的宗旨。 智旭對《梵網經》的解疏方式，結合了《菩薩戒本經》的重輕戒相；依條文秩序進行解釋和分析。他除了對戒相作逐條釋義外，更賦予三聚淨戒的相關意義與作用。進言之，其戒條詮釋的內容在立足於律儀規範內的同時，又涉及攝集一切善法，乃至使眾生悉得究竟樂的義涵。對於菩薩戒的義理思想與實踐的呈現，智旭主張以天台教觀作為《梵網經》的理論基礎。他運用天台五重玄義的解題形式，綱領性的將《梵網經》的內容作深入而具體的分析和詮釋。他強調《梵網經》的深奧義理，可透過天台的理觀事修、教觀雙運的理論模式，貫徹於諸重輕事戒與理觀心地的實踐義涵。進言之，智旭主張以究竟圓滿的圓教義為理論基礎，結合別教漸次的修證方式，融會圓別二教的理論和實踐優點，以相輔相成的獨特修證方式，貫徹於《梵網經》的義理和實踐思想上。
Zhixu living in the era background of political corruption , phenomena of social and economic disorder. At that time of the Buddhism phenomena, he witnessed conflicts between schools, declining disciplines and problems of morality of the monasteries.With upholding the will of supporting the sustainability of Buddhism, Zhixu decided to commit himself in the revitalization of Buddhist discipline, in hoping to restore the profile of Three Practises of Buddhism(三學) . In his whole life, he tied up with patimokkha learning, lecturing and propagating vinaya, compilation various of scriptures and vinaya pitaka. His well regulated the conduct of Buddha's disciplines, providing warmth atmosphere for the malaise of the Late Ming Buddhist. Zhixu advocated the concept of Three Practices, integrating the schools of Zen, lectures and vinaya（禪教律） as a core education of Buddhist. He found that Buddha dharma is like the shining gems of Brahma net, all dharma teachings are mingle in harmony, and will not out of the scope of Three Practises . If one realised the significant and the functions of The Three Practises, he is able to practise to attain the nature of Buddha mind. Through the profound recognition of knowledge and practises, Zhixu respected Brahma Net Sutra as a root of academic and vinaya. He stresses the precepts of upholding and committing of bodhisattva with the reflection wisdom of The Methods of Mind Ground（心地法門）, both poses the purpose of practicing and reflection. Regarding the way of annotation, Zhixu integrated the major and secondary precepts of both Brahma’s Net Sutra （梵網經）and Bodhisattva Precepts Sutra（菩薩戒本經）, with interpretation and analysis of provisions accordingly. In addition with the clauses interpretation, he was enduing the meaning and functions of tri-vidhani silani (三聚淨戒) on the clause of precepts. Regards with the indication of taught and practices of bidhisattva’s precepts, Zhixu advocated The Tiantai’s Teaching as the theoretical basis of Brahma Net Sutra. He use of The Tiantai Five Mystical form (五重玄義) to programmatic and analysis in depth on the content of Brahma Net sutra. He stress that, the advantage of integration of Tiantai Yuanjiao(天台圓教)as the exactly awesome theoretical basis with combination of gradually practices of Biejiao(別教) , to create the unique complementary way for the ideological and practice of Brahma Net sutra. |
