| 摘要: | 綠色能源是全球趨勢，不僅可以解決能源短缺的問題，還可以克服溫室氣體大量增加的問題。麻瘋樹的種植以及麻瘋樹生質柴油的發展是目前國際上解決能源及環境問題的主要方法之一。麻瘋樹可以生長在貧瘠的土地、種子含油量高、麻瘋樹籽油可提煉生質柴油、種植麻瘋樹可以吸收二氧化碳，減緩溫室效應，所以目前國際上積極推展麻瘋樹種植以及提煉麻瘋樹生質柴油。國外在非洲及亞洲正大量種植，國內目前較少有規模的麻瘋樹研究及種植。 本研究自2008年開始於苗栗縣種植麻瘋樹，觀察育苗、移植、撫育等狀況，統計發芽率、成活率、樹高、結果株比例、種子收成量、種子含油率等。結果顯示發芽率80.5％、幼苗移植成活率94％、當年度結果株比例21％、單株結蒴果3-19顆。第3年種子每公頃可收成量3,024公斤，種子含油率35.1％。平均每公頃每年生產成本56,264元，每公斤麻瘋樹種子成本18.6元，提煉生質柴油，每公升成本56.5元，較自產的大豆、葵花籽、油菜籽來源生質柴油低。 顯示麻瘋樹適合在台灣生長，値得在台灣推廣種植及發展麻瘋樹生質柴油，既可種樹吸收二氧化碳，減少溫室效應；並且麻瘋樹生質柴油可以替代石化柴油，解決能源問題，同時提高台灣能源自主率。可利用荒地、山坡地、原鄉部落種植麻瘋樹，建議政府將麻瘋樹列入獎勵造林補助的樹種，以提高種植意願。 台灣發展生質能源建議：開發適當的生質能源來源物種、政府獎勵種植及生產生質能源、政府掌控行銷通路。
A gradual substitution of fossil energy by renewable energy is a global trend, which not only resolves the increasingly critical energy shortage problem, also eases the crisis of greenhouse effect. Planting jatropha curcas and developing jatropha diesel is one of major approach to resolve the nowadays energy and environmental difficulties. Jatropha curcas can grow on a lean soil and absorb carbon dioxide to ease the global warming anxiety. Its seeds are oil rich and can extract bio-diesel fuel to provide a substitute fuel. For this reason, planting jatropha curcas and extracting jatropha diesel are booming business internationally. Outside Taiwan, especially in Africa and Asia, many massive planting jatropha curcas projects are put forward. Nevertheless, it has very few meaningful projects ongoing in Taiwan. Our research of planting Jatropha curcas in Miaoli County, Taiwan, which encompass of growing seedlings, transplanting, nurturing, reckoning its sprouting rate, surviving rate, tree height, fruitage percent and etc. Our results show 80.5% germination percentage, 94% sapling transplant surviving rate, and 21% fruitage tree count and 3~19 capsules per tree. The seeds harvest 3,024 kgs per hectare in the 3rd year, and the seed oil content is 35.1％. The annular planting cost is NT$ 56,264 per hectare, and the harvested jatropha seed cost is NT$ 18.6 per Kg. The refined biodiesel cost is NT$56.5 per liter, which is lower than the biodiesel from domestic soybean, sunflower seed, and rapeseed. These preliminary results are comparable to the foreign growing statistics or even better and indicate jatropha curcas are suitable to be grown in Taiwan, worth to be popularized and apt to develop jatropha biodiesel fuel. Its benefits include absorbing carbon dioxide gas, reducing greenhouse effect, substituting fossil fuel, easing energy shortage crisis and, in the mean time, raising Taiwan energy autonomous rate. The suggestions for the biofuels develop in Taiwan: carefully selected appropriate energy crops, government incentives grow and produce biofuels, and controlledthe marketing channels. |
