| 摘要: | 《發心律儀儀軌次第》是阿底峽的作品，就以中文翻譯來說，目前尚未發現《發心律儀儀軌次第》完整的中文翻譯，只有部分學者或研究者略述儀軌或律儀。本論文將阿底峽《發心律儀儀軌次第》內容、阿底峽的生平傳略、阿底峽的見地著述，並引用經典與相關資料，從這諸論點可予聯繫等，檢討其文本的理據，來闡釋《發心律儀儀軌次第》思想的特色。之後，將《發心律儀儀軌次第》藏文諸版本校刊做有系統的整理，並編輯《發心律儀儀軌次第》文本作為科判表，以利方便閱讀與研究。 菩薩發心應當先發菩提心受持菩薩戒，在受菩薩戒之前必先作懺悔的儀軌，懺悔在過去或現在無明的積集，貪嗔痴覆蓋於心，在十方佛面前希望能淨除業障，進而遠離惡趨向善，這一切的修持都是為了有情眾生能離苦得樂，並披上菩薩的宏願。發心儀軌立基於戒律，在受戒時需不斷地請求師授於其戒法，不論是皈依、受五戒、受菩薩戒等，都以請求來授於其戒法，這律儀儀軌有它的次序與規則，它以三次問；三次回答的方式，藉以這儀軌的方式得到戒體。如沒有經過這儀式的形式，就無法得到證明。並且發誓發堅固心而行菩薩道，進而走向佛道。 《發心律儀儀軌次第》：「未得度之眾生我令其得度、未解脫之眾生我皆令其解脫、未息者我皆令其息、未獲涅槃者我皆令其獲證涅槃。」這段話來自於《菩提心釋》，從《菩提心釋》來看《發心律儀儀軌次第》的關聯性，其背後意涵著是法派的傳承與經脈的傳承，不論是發心律儀或者律儀儀軌，可帶領現代的人遵循的方向，亦即引領實踐菩薩道的路徑。再者，使佛教發揚光大，令佛教能正法久住。
A complete Chinese translation of Atisha’s work Sems-bskyed-pa dan sdom-pa'i cho-ga'i rim-pa is currently unavailable, even though only a few scholars or researchers have briefly introduced some of its rituals or religious disciplines. This study aims to find out the characteristics of the thinking in Sems-bskyed-pa dan sdom-pa'i cho-ga'i rim-pa by reviewing and analyzing the Atisha’s biography, his work and views, and related holy texts and literatures. In addition, different versions of Sems-bskyed-pa dan sdom-pa’i cho-ga’i rim-pa are systematically reviewed and compiled before the further analysis. Bodhisattvas should make vows and take Bodhisattvas Precepts. Before taking these precepts, Bodhisattvas should practice the repent ritual, in which they repent their ignorance, which includes greed, anger, and silliness, hoping to eradicate their sin in front of Buddhas and conduct toward righteousness. The purpose of these cultivations is to save all living creatures from suffering and to enable them to make vows to become Buddhas. Sems-bskyed-pa dan sdom-pa’i cho-ga’i rim-pa is based on religious disciplines. During the ritual, one must beg the ordination from the Sangha, which is needed no matter in the ceremony of committing oneself to be a Buddhist and receiving Five Precepts or the Bodhisattva Precepts. The ritual is conducted according to certain orders and rules, which include three asking and three answers. With these procedures, one has to make vows to practice Buddhism, and then he becomes a bodhisattva practitioner. According to Sems-bskyed-pa dan sdom-pa’i cho-ga’i rim-pa, “I will help those who are not saved to be saved, help those who are not extricated to be extricated, and help those who haven’t obtained the nirvana obtain theirs.” This quotation comes from Byaṅ-chub-sems-kyi ḥgrel-pa shes-bya-ba, which implies the inheritance of the dharma and holy texts. Both the rituals and religious disciplines of Sems-bskyed-pa dan sdom-pa’i cho-ga’i rim-pa indicate the ways for people to follow, leading us to practice Buddhism and facilitating Buddhism to exist in the world forever. |
