義民信仰與族群互動─以嘉義褒忠義民廟為例

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Title:	義民信仰與族群互動─以嘉義褒忠義民廟為例
Other Titles:	Yinmin Belief and Ethnic Interaction--Taking Chiayi Baozhong Yimin Temple as an example
Authors:	謝錦綉 Hsieh, Chin-hsiu
Contributors:	建築與景觀學系環境藝術碩士班陳正哲 Cheng-che Chen
Keywords:	嘉義義民廟宇;嘉義的客家族群;嘉義福佬客;嘉義外省客;嘉義北部客;嘉義褒忠義民廟;義民信仰 Hakka ethnicities in Chiayi;Hoklo-Hakka in Chiayi;Yinmin beliefs;Chiayi Yimin temple;Hakka from other provisions in Chiayi;Northern Hakka in Chiayi;Chiayi Baozhong Yimin Temple
Date:	2011
Issue Date:	2015-01-22 14:14:51 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	嘉義褒忠義民廟位於嘉義市南田路，在嘉義以閩南文化為主流的地區，只有嘉義褒忠義民廟廟會活動時，你才聽得到客家話，它像處於語言孤島上的另一世界，因此大家都說它是嘉義地區，最具代表客家文化與客家族群信仰的中心。　　　本研究以「嘉義褒忠義民廟」為研究標的，卻因嘉義地區對此研究不多，廟方也無相關文獻留存，因而從「寺廟建築」、「廟務運作」、「祭典儀式」去找尋其廟宇歷史，發現其呈現的歷史特質：一、在祭祀上沿襲母廟，也有因地制宜的改變：「祭祀空間、輪祀區劃分、祭祀儀式、輪祀區的「調單」格式」等是沿襲母廟「新竹新埔褒忠義民廟」的制度，但也有因地制宜的改變。二、不是傳統寺廟格式的建築：呈現受限建廟當時的嘉義市的政權生態，以及發生228事件之歷史背景的影響。三、多元族群的參予：參予嘉義褒忠義民廟建廟的「嘉義客家族群」有「福佬客」、「北部客」、「外省客」。四、不同地區之義民信仰相互交集交流：嘉義褒忠義民廟是由「新竹新埔褒忠義民廟」分香而來，曾寄祀在嘉義本地之義民祠，爾後，嘉義本地之義民祠又加入「新竹新埔褒忠義民廟之聯誼會」，兩個不同地區之義民信仰又相互交集交流。　　　以上歷史特質，使本研究書寫時以「嘉義褒忠義民廟」為主軸，進而在「義民信仰」、「族群互動」上著墨。　　　但「義民信仰」在台灣一直被誤解為「客家信仰」，因而將「義民信仰的歷史背景及近代發展」做說明，期能讓讀者有正確認識；又在台灣義民廟宇的統計資料上，對照出「嘉義市義民廟宇」與實際情況有很大的出入，於是「再考嘉義市的義民廟宇」，希望善盡在地研究者的使命，提供正確的資料。　　　　關於「嘉義客家族群」的研究，因嘉義縣、市政府行政區域劃分的不同，因此《嘉義縣志》、《嘉義市志》分為兩部分書寫。《嘉義縣志》以一鄉村落之祖譜、宗祠等做研究，但也無縣全面研究，又以來嘉義的時間不同分「福佬客」及「北部客」，書寫其分布，關於「外省客」，卻隻字不提。《嘉義市志》完全無專章對客家族群研究，本研究將現有已研究資料的整理：一、呈現「福佬客」的大概分布及「福佬客特性」。二、「外省客」與「福佬客」及「北部客」的互助史料。三、「北部客」南移的原因及「生活樣貌」「族群興衰」。　　　嘉義的客家人，早在清初的《諸羅縣志》就有記載，因長久以來，一直未獲官方重視，而資料闕如，本研究以「嘉義褒忠義民廟」而延伸之「義民信仰」、「族群互動」研究，投入相當多之實際田野調查，期望對嘉義地區「客家族群及其信仰研究」提供有價值貢獻。　　Chiayi Baozhong Yimin Temple is located at Nantian Road in Chiayi City; in Chiayi area where southern Fujian cultures as the mainstream,you can hear Hakka only when the activities held by Chiayi Baozhong Yimin Temple which is like another world in an island of language;therefore,people said it is the center where represents Hakka culture and Hakka ethnic belief in Chiayi area most.This study takes＂Chiayi Baozhong Yimin Temple＂ as the object of study, however,there is rare study in Chiayi area,and no related literatures remained in the temple,therefore,this study is to find the history of the temple and its represented historical features from ＂the temple buildings＂,＂the operation of the temple＂ and ＂rituals＂:　1.In terms of worship,it follows its principal temple, but there is also change according to circumstances: ＂the worship space,the division of alternate worship area, worship rituals,and the ‘transfer form’ of alternate worship＂follow the system of principal temple ＂Hsinchu Xinpu Baozhong Yimin Temple＂,however,there is change according to circumstances.2.It is not the building of traditional temple style: It presents the influence of the political ecology in Chiayi City when the establishment of temple and the historical background for occurrence of 228 Incident.3.The participation of multi ethnicities: The ＂Chiayi Hakka Ethnicities＂ who joined to construction of Chiayi Baozhong Yimin Temple are ＂Hoklo-Hakka＂＂Northern Hakka＂,and ＂Hakka from other provinces＂.4.Mutual exchange and interaction of Yinmin beliefs in different areas: Chiayi Baozhong Yimin Temple is separated from ＂Hsinchu Xinpu Baozhong Yimin Temple＂ and has lodged in local Yimin temple in Chiayi, and then ＂Hsinchu Xinpu Baozhong Yimin Temple Association＂ joined local Yimin temple in Chiayi that the Yinmin beliefs in different area exchange and interact mutually.　　　From abovementioned historical features, ＂Chiayi Baozhong Yimin Temple＂ is taken as principal, and ＂Yinmin Belief＂ and ＂Ethnic Interaction＂ are further described in this study.　　　However, ＂Yinmin belief＂ in Taiwan is always mistaken as ＂Hakka belief＂, so in this study, it explains ＂the historical background and recent development of Yinmin beliefs＂ in order to let readers have correct knowledge; in addition, since there are great differences of ＂Chiayi City Yimin Temples＂ comparing to actual status from statistics in Taiwan Yimin Temples, hence, it ＂re-studies the ＂Yimin Temples in Chiayi City＂ with the purpose of doing the mission of a local researcher well and provide correct information.　　　As for the study of ＂Chiayi Hakka Ethnicities＂, because different administrative divisions in Chiayi County and city governments, so Chiayi County Gazetteer and Chiayi City Gazetteer were written separately. Chiayi County Gazetteer took the family pedigree and temples of a village for research, but there was no complete study of the county, and it differentiated ＂Hoklo-Hakka＂ and ＂Northern Hakka＂ as per the time they went to Chiayi to write their distribution, and in which no ＂Hakka from other provinces＂ was mentioned. As for Chiayi City Gazetteer, there is no special article about the study of Hakka ethnicities. This study is to arrange the current studied information as follows:1.Presentation of rough distribution of ＂Hoklo-Hakka＂ and ＂Hoklo-Hakka characteristics＂.2.The historical information of mutual helps of ＂Hakka from other provinces＂, ＂Hoklo-Hakka＂ and ＂Northern Hakka＂.3.The reason of ＂Northern Hakka＂ moving southern and ＂living features＂ and ＂ethnic prosperity and decline＂.The Hakka in Chiayi have already been recorded in Zhulo County Gazetteer in early Qing Dynasty, and because it has always not been officially valued, it is lack of data. In this study, it invested a good many actual field investigations on study of ＂Chiayi Baozhong Yimin Temple＂, extending to ＂Yinmin beliefs＂ and “ethnic interaction＂. It is expected to provide valuable devotion to ＂the study on Hakka ethnicities and their beliefs＂ in Chiayi area.
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