| 摘要: | 本計畫延續本人對海德格思想溯源的研究，旨在嘗試探索亞里斯多德哲學對海德格 思想的影響。從已經整理出版的海德格全集可知：在出版《存有與時間》之前連續十年 的時間，海德格幾乎不間斷地每學期講授亞里斯多德的哲學著作。我們可以合理推論： 除了胡賽爾提供現象學的取向之外，海德格前期的思想內涵主要是受到亞里斯多德哲學 的形塑。特別是其《存有與時間》，可說是將亞里斯多德之《形上學》、《物理學》以及 《尼可馬各倫理學》的現象學轉化與詮釋學統整。 至於亞里斯多德如何影響海德格的思想？根據海德格對亞里斯多德作品的闡釋來 看，其本身哲學主要關切的「基本存有論」明顯地是從對亞里斯多德哲學之「存有問題」 以及「目的論」所獲致的啟發。其中關鍵概念包括：「始源」、「自然」、「運動」、「時間」、 「存在」、「言說」、「實踐」、「完成/目的」、「限制」、「視域」、「決斷」以及「死亡」…等 概念。通過對於闡述「存有」作為「存在物之為存在物」的根基與法則，海德格強調： 形上學是人類特有的現象、人類以尋求意義的方式存在著。在這些終極的問題上，我們 可以看到海德格如何從詮釋亞里斯多德發展出其自身的哲學。
Following my serial studies of exploring to the sources of Heidegger’s thought, this project tries to examine the influences of Aristotle’s philosophy on Heidegger’s thought. We can know from the published Heidegger’s complete works that Heidegger continuously gave lectures on Aristotle’s works during the period of ten years before publishing his Being and Time. One can infer that the content of Heidegger’s early thought was greatly influenced and formed by Aristotle’s philosophy, aside from the phenomenological approach offered by Husserl. It is exactly the case that Being and Time is, so to speak, the phenomenological transformation and hermeneutical integration of Aristotle’s Metaphysics, Physics, and Nicomachean Ethics. How did Aristotle’s influences impose on Heidegger’s thought? According to Heidegger’s interpretations of Aristotle’s works, his most philosophical concern, namely, the fundamental ontology, was clearly inspired by Aristotle’s question about being and the teleological position. That includes the following key concepts: arche, physis, motion, time, existence, logos, praxis, teleos, limit, horizon, resolution, and death, etc. By means of explicating Being as the ground and principle of being as such, Heidegger emphasizes that metaphysics is the unique phenomenon of human being and that the Dasein exists by searching for meaning. We can see how Heidegger developed his philosophy by interpreting Aristotle concerning these ultimate problems. |
