儒學與禮學—以禮的哲學思想為脈絡探究先秦儒家哲學的形成 (III)

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Title:	儒學與禮學—以禮的哲學思想為脈絡探究先秦儒家哲學的形成 (III)
Other Titles:	The Confucianism and the Thought of Rites--A Study on Pre-Qin Confucianism by the Context of Philosophy of Rites (III)
Authors:	謝君直
Contributors:	南華大學生死學系
Keywords:	儒學;禮學;禮義;論語;孟子;荀子;禮記;上海博物館藏楚竹書 Confucianism;Philosophy of Rites;Meaning of Rites;The Analects;Mencius;Xun-Zi;Book of Rites;Shanghai Museum Chu Bamboo Manuscripts
Date:	2014
Issue Date:	2015-02-05 10:00:34 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	作為三年期研究計畫，其研究目的在探討儒學與禮學的理論關係，研究年代與對象設定在先秦時期的儒家哲學。本計畫的研究成果分成數部分，《論語》方面，除了再次確認「禮／儀」之分與「仁－禮」關係是當代研究《論語》「禮」觀念和孔子所述「仁」的學說的基本哲學架構外，筆者認為孔子論三年之喪是孟子與荀子論喪禮的比較平台。是以在孟子的禮學方面，筆者的研究乃留意〈滕文公上〉與〈盡心上〉的記載，分析文獻並指出孟子的喪禮觀重在實踐者誠心的顯現，亦即以敬慎之心表現孝子的禮意，此是心性論者肯定恭敬辭讓之心是禮之所以存在的意義。至於荀子的喪禮觀以〈禮論〉篇所述為代表，文中論證三年之喪是「稱情而立文」的禮儀，以禮意而言，喪禮乃顯示出生者的情感及其與亡者的倫理聯繫。當代出土文獻的禮意研究以「郭店楚墓竹簡」、「上海博物館藏戰國楚竹書」、「清華大學藏戰國竹簡」為代表，其中〈性自命出〉、〈六德〉、〈民之父母〉、〈內禮〉、〈君子為禮〉、〈武王踐阼〉、〈耆夜〉等篇的禮觀念，一方面傳達先秦禮學的思想內容，另一方面尤可與傳世儒家典籍會通，此即《禮記》。而《禮記》做為禮學的匯集，本計畫就其所涉理論篇章，探討〈學記〉、〈樂記〉、〈中庸〉，與〈仲尼燕居〉、〈孔子閒居〉、〈坊記〉、〈表記〉等篇所蘊含之禮學的德政觀念。最後，筆者以「禮義」的學問之道總結儒學禮學的研究成果與展望。 Study purpose of the three-years project is to research on the relationship of Pre-Qin Confucianism and thought of rites. The result of project divides into several parts. First, I distinguish ‘Meaning of Rites’ and ‘Rites’ by the thought of The Analects, and the thought of rites is based on the Ren(仁). Further, the ideas of funeral and mortuary rites of Confucius is the connection of thought of rites of Mencius and Xun-Zi. Therefore, secondary, my project to the thought of rites of Mencius focus on ‘Teng-wen-gong’（partⅠ）（滕文公上）and ‘Jin-xin’（partⅠ）（盡心上）about descriptions of funeral and mortuary rites, and analyzes the filial persons’ reverenced mind that is foundation of rites. Thirdly, The representative of ideas of funeral and mortuary rites of Xun-Zi is ‘The theory of rites’（禮論篇）. The text describes mourning for three years is rite base on the emotion of filial, and funeral and mortuary rites is ethical relationship of the living emotion and the dead. Fourthly, thought of rites of Guo-dian Bamboo manuscripts, Shanghai museum Chu bamboo manuscripts, Qing-hua university bamboo manuscripts, which include ‘Xing-Zi-Ming-Chu’, ‘Six virtue’, ‘Min-zhi fu-mu’, ‘Nei-li’, ‘Junzi-weili’, ‘Wuwang-jianzuo’, ‘Qi-ye’ especially connect with the Book of Rites. Fifthly, the thought of Book of Rites, which include ‘Xue-ji’, ‘Yue-ji’, ‘the doctrine of the mean’, ‘Zhongniyanju’, ‘Kongzi-xianju’, ‘Fang-Ji’, ‘Biao-ji’ describe the theory of the rites. Finally, I conclude that philosophy of rites is Confucian meaning of rites, and express the future prospects of research about philosophy of rites.
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