「原初基本權利取向」之受教育權觀點對四種正義理論之批判與反省

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Title:	「原初基本權利取向」之受教育權觀點對四種正義理論之批判與反省
Other Titles:	The Critique and Reflection of the Primordial Rights-Based Approach in the Right to Education to the Four Justice Theories
Authors:	呂明哲
Contributors:	南華大學應用社會學系
Date:	2012
Issue Date:	2015-02-05 11:29:33 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本研究則延續目前所執行之國科會計劃中，有關受教育權之權利位階之理論建構。目前所執行之研究計劃，則是證成民主理論之絕對平等概念，並將此絕對平等的民主權利概念推演到受教育權。試圖將受教權之權利位階提昇為具有絕對平等要求之基本權利。其論證方式為先確立民主理論中有絕對平等概念。並證成絕對平等概念是民主理論中最根本的預設。另外，也確立基本權利之權利位階之上位特性。選舉權便是此一種權利之一：在一人一票，票票等值之原則下，即突顯了這種權利位階之絕對平等要求的特性。這種權利的要求不會因為公民對社群的貢獻多寡、品德、能力或是社會文化地位之不同而有不同。另一方面，研究者將深入分析二位有相當系統性的建構民主理論的當代思想家， Habermas（理想言談情境）及 Rawls（原初狀態）來證成在其理論建構對人能力的理論預設。此預設則是建構其民主理論的根本基礎。研究者暫稱為「原初基本權利」，其中包括有生命權，受教育權及發展權。相對於另二種型態的權利「建構性權利」（由民主理論建構所推演出來之基本權利）及「衍生性權利」（受制於社會政治環境而變動之權利）。透過此「原初基本理論取向」之權利理解，將受教育權定位在更為基本之「原初基本權利」，近而衍生更高的權利滿足的要求。基於此「原初基本理論取向」之權利建構理論，本次研究將針對四種正義理論 (Libertarianism: Hayek, Contractarian approach: Rawls; Luck Equalitarian Approach: Dworkin; Capabilities Approach: Nussbuam)系統性的對其理論探索，並且了解其在受教育權上之運用。最後再以研究者之「原初基本理論取向」之權利理解與這四種理論取向進行對話。 This research project is the continuing research along with the previous one. The previous one, which is a undergoing project, is trying to demonstrate the absolute equality principle is the essential elements of all fundamental rights, including ‘the right to education’. By the examination of the democratic theoretical construction of Rawls and Habermas, the researcher has developed a ‘primordial rights-based approach’ by which the right to education will be properly understood and situated. This approach will demand ‘the right to education, as a ‘primordial right’, to be fully fulfilled by the government. The current proposed research project will extend this approach to examine other four justice theories, Libertarianism (Hayek), Contractarian approach (Rawls), Luck Equalitarian Approach (Dworkin), Capabilities Approach (Nussbuam) and to assert that their approaches can’t provide a better understanding of ‘the educational right’ than ‘primordial rights-based approach’.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Applied Sociology, The M.A. Program of Sociology] NSTC Project

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