本研究旨在探討國小高年級學童來生信念與死亡焦慮之現況，並分析不同背景變項國小高年級學童在來生信念與死亡焦慮之差異情形，進而了解國小高年級學童來生信念與死亡焦慮之相關情形。研究方法採問卷調查法，引用蔡明昌與歐慧敏編製之「大學生來生信念量表」與楊小薇翻譯編修之「死亡焦慮量表」（RDAS）為研究工具，正式樣本以嘉義縣國小高年級學童為母群體，分層隨機抽樣1075人為研究樣本，有效樣本為921人，有效回收率為86％，將填答資料進行分析討論後，獲致結論如下：一、國小高年級學童之性別、年級對來生信念有顯著性之影響二、國小高年級學童之居住地、宗教信仰對來生信念有顯著性的影響三、國小高年級學童家中討論死亡狀況、接觸死亡經驗對來生信念有顯著性影響四、國小高年級學童之性別、年級對死亡焦慮有顯著性之影響五、國小高年級學童個人健康狀況、家中討論死亡狀況對死亡焦慮有顯著性影響六、國小高年級學童的來生信念與死亡焦慮有顯著之相關 最後，依據本研究發現，提出幾項建議提供家長、教師及教育主管單位與未來研究方向之參考。 The main purpose of this study was to discuss high grade elementary school students' afterlife beliefs and death anxiety at present, to analyze the differences in afterlife beliefs and death anxiety of the high grade elementary school students from various aspects, and furthermore, to understand the connection between their afterlife beliefs and death anxiety. In the research, students were asked to finish two questionnaires: Afterlife Beliefs Scale and Revised Death Anxiety Scale (RDAS). 1075 high grade students from elementary schools in Chiayi County were selected as research samples, the effective samples were 921 students and the effective retrieval rate is 86%. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. The gender and the grade of the high grade elementary school students have a significant influence on their afterlife beliefs.2. The living areas and religions of the high grade elementary school students have a significant influence on their afterlife beliefs.3. The high grade elementary school students' communications on death with family and experiences of contacting death have a significant influence on their afterlife beliefs.4. The gender and the grade of the high grade elementary school students have a significant influence on their death anxiety.5. The high grade elementary school students' health condition and communications on death with family have a significant influence on their death anxiety. 6. A significant correlation was found between high grade elementary school students' afterlife beliefs and death anxiety. Finally, based on the findings of this study, suggestions for administrators, teachers, parents, and future research were discussed.
