| 摘要: | 喜樂保育院歷經四十五年的淬煉（1965-2010年），因社會環境整體的改變，喜樂保育院必須轉型服務不同類的身心障礙者，進入另一個組織發展的里程碑，由照護三十三年小兒麻痺孩童正式延伸到智障、多重障礙、失智症者。新的工作領域與艱鉅的挑戰，鼓勵院內同仁秉持「靠著那加給我力量的，凡事都能」精神，擴大服務的範圍，在瑪喜樂女士的努力與付出之下，喜樂保育院得以成長茁壯。喜樂保育院至今在其成長足跡的深耕期裡已脫胎換骨，並可成就為一個具有繼續發展潛力的組織，本研究旨在探討喜樂保育院於1988-1994年轉型期之關鍵影響因素。 本研究使用歷史研究、檔案研究與深度訪談方法蒐集喜樂保育院檔案資料、書籍期刊、相關媒體報導、受訪者回溯記憶描述資料後，再根據文獻解讀後所得的基本概念，找出關鍵性的主題及文獻上有所遺漏遺之處，本研究所獲致之主要發現有下列五項： 一、成功轉型關鍵因素：社會需求脈動轉變、創辦人及組織形象良好、公部門及社會大眾的認同及扶助、員工向心力佳且尋求進步的動力也強。二、轉型服務相關理論：與組織生態理論、資源依賴理論和政治經濟觀點等三種理論有直接相關之影響，最主要相關的理論為組織生態理論。三、轉型服務因應策略：施教裕（1997）與許智玲（1998）所論述之轉型策略類型與喜樂保育院發展歷程相關聯，並可重新定位排序。四、轉型服務模式過程：喜樂保育院以線型方式從解凍階段，因著社會需求議題之外在、內在影響因素，組織開始評估策略改變或機構轉型，改變階段的前後，組織皆會經歷「調適」之反覆過程，最後進入再凍結階段而穩定提供服務。五、轉型服務成功的評斷：以簡芳忠（2000）提出成功轉型因素、Kotter（1996）論述組織轉型失敗理由、機構評鑑等第、員工穩定度、員工向心力及財務部份加以探討。 喜樂保育院的發展與轉型服務，實與組織內部條件、政府政策、社會需求脈絡的轉變因素息息相關。由於非營利組織的組織屬性、成員、條件、類型各有不同，個別組織對於轉型服務的需求情況亦大有差異；喜樂保育院創辦人具有獨特性，因時空、背景、環境、困境之不同，雖不能推論和解釋其他非營利組織之轉型服務模式，但當組織面臨轉型服務時，此成功轉型經驗仍可供其他非營利組織參考。
It has been 45 years since Erhlin Happy Christian Home (EHCH) was founded by Ms. Joyce McMillan in 1965. After 33 years of devoting to caring for children with polio disease, due to dramatic social changes, the EHCH has to expand services to cover children of all ages with various disabilities like mental retardation and other multiple congenital anomalies as well as the elderly with dementia disorder. Facing the new challenges, the employees of EHCH, motivated by the Bible passage, ＂I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me＂ (Philippians 4:13), strived to conquer all difficulties to broaden services to help people. Thanks to the great effort and guidance of Ms. Joyce McMillan, the EHCH has kept growing to be an organization full of developing potential. This study aims to explore the key factors that made its service transition possible during 1988-1994. This study uses historical research, file analysis and in-depth interview to gather relevant data from the EHCH's files, periodicals, media reports and retracing memories from survey participants. Then, the general framework based on related literature is organized to supplement the omittance of some records from these documents to discuss the key issues involved in the service transition. The major findings from this study are four-fold: 1.Key factors for EHCH's successful transition are the altering demands from society, the recognition of the government and the public toward the founder and the organization, the commitment of employees and their motivation to pursue progress.2.Three related theories of organization ecology, resources dependency and political economy can be used to explain the service transition of the EHCH. The most important one is the organization ecology.3.Strategies of service transition applied by the EHCH are similar with those suggested by Shih,Chaiw-Yi (1997) and Hu,Jhih-Ling (1998), but a new orientation can be made.4.Process of EHCH's service transition begins with the stage of unfreezing, following by the stage of moving and changing, then ending with the stage of refreezing and stabilizing.5.The judgement of service transition depends on the factors of transiton, from Jian,Fang-Zhong (2000), the reasons of failure of transtion from Kotter's articles (1996), institution examination, employee stability, commitment of employees and the finance parts. The development and service transition of the EHCH are closely linked to its organizational characteristics, public policy and the demands of the society. Though other NPOs do not have same conditions that this service transition model cannot be applied, it still provide a valuable experience for reference. |
