醫療場域中的美學論述─以嘉義市醫院為例

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Title:	醫療場域中的美學論述─以嘉義市醫院為例
Other Titles:	An Aesthetic Discourse of Hospitals in Chiayi City
Authors:	盧麗華 Lu, Li-hua
Contributors:	美學與視覺藝術學系碩士班明立國 Li-guo Ming
Keywords:	醫療場域;過渡儀式;符號學;藝術展示;美學 transitional ceremony;Medical facilities;artistic expression;aesthetics;semiology
Date:	2009
Issue Date:	2015-03-12 16:18:29 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	人類文明當中各式各樣的藝術類型，包括：文學、音樂、舞蹈、戲劇、雕刻、繪畫、建築等等，都大量的存在及被使用於宗教與儀式的場域當中，這種事實與現象，意味著人類藝術與宗教、儀式之間存在的一種密切關係。若這種關係進一步定義到醫療場域這個範疇當中時，尤其是面對目前這個科技快速發展的時代，則其中值得反思及檢討的問題就將益形凸顯，而具有了議題性與本質性兩種不同向度的知識意涵。　　　醫院常被詬病為空間冰冷、缺乏生氣並且充斥著藥水味的場域，院內肅穆、冷凝的氣氛不僅讓病患感到不適，對於照顧病患而長期處於病痛與生死之間煎熬、交戰氛圍中的醫療人員來說，更是沉重的壓力與心理負擔。做為一個治療的場域；一個讓人免除病痛、恢復健康的場所，如此的環境氛圍，對於病患苦痛的減緩、康復；家屬心情與精神的抒解、慰藉；以及醫療人員工作的情緒與效率，似乎並不能有所助益與改善。從生病、治療到康復的這個過程當中，就形式與結構上看來，醫院似乎扮演著一種具有過渡性意涵的儀式性角色，人們在經過這段過程之後，從不能正常的進行與操作日常事物的狀態，再度得以回復到常態生活。對於醫療場域所具有的這種儀式性本質與意涵，在現代社會中，這個場域存在著哪些藝術現象與活動？其中的類型、內容與運作方式又為何？又，這個場域如何在現代社會中因為個人的喜好或社會的風氣而被賦予藝術與美學上可能不同的型態與內涵？或者從另一個較為主體性的角度來說，這個場域如何來展現藝術及美學上的習慣、品味與意圖？又如何「論述」藝術與美學？對於這些問題，本論文以下列四個面向與目的來進行探討：一、探討醫療場域與儀式及美學與藝術之間的相互關係。二、透過對醫療場域當中美學、藝術「述說」(speech)現象與活動的觀察，分析背後的「語法結構」(language)，亦即，文化的特質與規律。三、瞭解社會大眾對醫療場域美學內涵及藝術展示之觀點與看法。四、探討醫療場域藉著美學與藝術展現了何種的「論述」。　　　在以嘉義市醫療場域中的藝術類型、內容與活動等實際現況為文本(text)的基礎上，本論文除了探討其中可能存在的美學特性、規律與語法之外，也試圖為相關研究建立一個可被依循的模式。除此之外，從藝術管理的角度，也將進一步瞭解區域性醫療體系在美學與藝術上的表現內容與操作方式，以及醫療與美學之間的依存與互動關係，並藉此研究讓醫療與藝術在理論與操作層面做更進一步的對話和結合，除了關照身、心、靈的全人治療與復健之外，也擴及到思想、觀念與價值層面的反思與再造。　　Various art forms in human civilizations, including literature, music, dance, drama, glyptology, painting and drawing, and architecture, are widely adopted in religious and ceremonial events, reflecting close relationship between arts and religions/ceremonies. When such relationship is further extended to the field of medicine in the contemporary era with fast developing science and technology, some problems therein are expected to surface that are worth further reconsideration and criticism and would afford knowledge of two different viewpoints with apparent and intrinsic characteristics.　　　Hospitals have frequently been stereotyped to be unfriendly, lacking of activities, and full of disinfectant smell. A remote and gloomy atmosphere in hospitals not only may make the patients feel uncomfortable, but also may cause physical and mental stress to the staff who constantly face those suffering from diseases and struggling for life. As therapeutic facilities to relieve and cure pains and diseases and recover health, such an atmosphere does not seem to be able to help and improve patients' healing from pains and diseases, the mental comfort and relief of patients' families, and the mood and efficiency of hospital staff. As a place for curing diseases and rehabilitating, hospitals seem to play a ceremonial role from the viewpoints of their appearance and constitution to mediate a transformation from sickness to treatments and then to recovery, enabling those who have gone through this process to once again return to their normal living. Regarding the ceremonial characteristics and meaning of medical facilities, what kind of artistic phenomena and activities do they comprise in the modern society and what are their forms, contents, and operations? Moreover, how are medical facilities afforded different artistic and aesthetic forms and contents in the modern society by different individual preferences and social customs? How to express artistic and aesthetic tradition, taste, and intention in medical facilities from a more subjective viewpoint and how to discourse on art and aesthetics therein? These questions are addressed and discussed in this thesis from four approaches:I.To investigate the correlation between medical facilities and ceremony, aesthetics, and arts;II. To analyze the cultural characteristics and regularity as the ＂language＂ behind aesthetic and artistic phenomena and activities as the ＂speech＂ in medicinal facilities;III. To understand the public views about the aesthetic contents and arts exhibition in medical facilities; andIV. To investigate the discourse of aesthetics and arts in medical facilities.　　　The text in this thesis is based on the current artistic forms, contents, and activities of the medical facilities in Chiayi City which discusses the aesthetic characteristics, regularity, and language therein and also attempts to establish a prototype for future research. Moreover, the research is expected to gain further understanding about the contents and operation in aesthetic and artistic expression in local medical facilities and about the relationship and interaction between medicine and aesthetics from the viewpoint of arts management. The research described herein is also expected to foster further dialogues and connections between arts and medicine from theoretical and practical viewpoints to care for the treatment and recovery of the body, mind, and soul, and to rethink and reassess the existing ideas, concepts, and values.
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