| 摘要: | 博物館作為公共服務機構的角色無庸置疑，除了博物館本身固有的典藏、展示、研究、教育之四大基本功能外，同時也肩負著文化傳遞、價值維護、改革與倡導等社會公益責任。然而私人博物館卻因必須自負經營結果，再加上面臨現代休閒產業競爭激烈情況，遂而有轉向市場導向或是在營運策略上複製企業經營模式，以追求較高的經濟效益。然而，這樣的轉變是否真有助於私人博物館的永續經營與發展？還是導致淪為過度重視成本觀念及商業化包裝，而漠視了博物館的社會功能，忽略了應盡之社會責任？ 一座符合現代社會多元創新趨勢的私人博物館，如何兼顧維護使命任務與提升經濟效益，善盡博物館之社會責任，成為私人博物館成長發展之重要關鍵，也是值得深入探索的議題。因此，本研究以此為出發點，主要的核心問題在探討：私人博物館之社會責任所包含的層面為何？私人博物館相關人員對社會責任之認知，以及私人博物館之社會責任表現與其永續經營之間的關係為何？ 本研究為一探索式研究，採用質性研究之方式，由文獻分析來深入了解博物館企業化經營之趨勢，嘗試以社會企業之觀點為基礎，並同時藉由企業社會責任（CSR）、非營利組織（NPO）之觀點，進行分析比較，以歸納整理出私人博物館之社會角色、社會功能、與任務使命等範疇；再透過專家訪談（elite interviewing）的方式進行探索性的研究（exploratory study），以及與私人博物館之領導者或管理者進行深度訪談以進行詮釋性研究（explanatory study），藉以釐清在當代環境下私人博物館所應負的社會責任。 透過訪談資料的分析與交叉檢核triangulation），本研究整理出私人博物館之社會責任內容，應包含有五項「內部營運」責任（基本功能之維護、經濟、法律、倫理、公益責任）及四項「外部」責任（文化創新、知識傳續、社會環境、社會協調），並建構私人博物館之社會責任模型，以瞭解私人博物館之社會責任表現與其永續經營之間的關聯性。最後提出建議，作為私人博物館經營管理的參考，期望能有助於私人博物館經營管理者確立自身社會角色、發揮社會功能、達成任務使命，全面落實社會責任，進而永續經營與發展。
A significant role of museum as an insitution is to fulfill public purposes. Besides the inherent functions in collection, display, research and education, they also need to take on societal responsibilities in cultural dissemination, value guardianship, reforms and advocacy. When private museums are independently responsible for the results of their management, they are faced with fierce competition from other industries that offer alternative services. Some museums therefore turn to market-oriented approaches and to duplicate corporate business models for better economic outcomes. Does such a transition really help private museums to achieve sustainability, or does it lead to commercialization so as to jeopardize social functions? In the face of the issue, the purpose of the research therefore is to explore the governance of private museums through the following research inquiries: what are the social responsibilities of private museums? What are the perceptions of museum executives in terms of social responsibilities, and the relationship between private museums' social responsibilities and organizational sustainability? This research is exploratory by nature aiming to gain a better understanding toward the corporatization of private museums through literature analysis and in-depth interviews with academics and practitioners. Borrowing the framework of corporate social responsibilities (CSR) and to consider the nature of non-profit organization (NPO), the research approaches to illustrate the contemporary roles, functions and missions of private museums. From the data collected, this research suggests five ＂internal operational＂ responsibilities including maintenance of basic functions, economic, legal, ethical and public welfare and four ＂external＂ responsibilities including cultural innovation, knowledge dissemination and continuation, social environment and social coordination. A model of social responsibility of private museum is proposed. A possible contribution of the research is to provide references for private museums' managers in the hope to help private museums' managers clarify their mission, roles, and functions. |
