從「陽陰二重性」探究傳統官場文化－以黃仁宇《萬曆十五年》一書為例

南華大學機構典藏系統 > 社會科學院 > 應用社會學系(社會工作與社會設計碩士班,教育社會學碩士班) > 博碩士論文-教育社會學碩士班 > Item 987654321/19498

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题名:	從「陽陰二重性」探究傳統官場文化－以黃仁宇《萬曆十五年》一書為例
其它题名:	From the Duality of Yang-Ying, On the Traditional Bureaucratic culture: As in the Example "1587, A Year of No Significance＂of Huang, Ren-Yu
作者:	潘明華 Pan, Ming-hua
貢獻者:	教育社會學研究所鄒川雄 Chuan-hsiung Tsou
关键词:	陽陰二重性;華人文化;官場;人情面子;文官集團;萬曆十五年 officialdom;Yang-Ying the year of 1587;Duality of;bureaucracy;the face;Chinese culture
日期:	2010
上传时间:	2015-03-16 10:54:44 (UTC+8)
摘要:	本研究著眼於華人社會「陽陰二重性」的文化特性，依此來探討人際互動的表達現象。筆者企圖從行動者/結構的觀點探討黃仁宇著作《萬曆十五年》人物互動的行為意義，以別於過去史學家從歷史、政治、經濟、道德與人格的角度去對人物提出評價。希望從行為與結構互動的觀點對《萬曆十五年》能作出最佳的分析與理解。　　　首先，第一章為緒論的部分，第一章是「緒論」，在編排上是分別說明研究動機、研究目的、研究方法與範圍、章節安排，研究限制及分析觀點，使讀者對本文內容有基本認識，進而讓讀者對其他章節之研讀有連貫性及整體概念，並對黃仁宇的文化史觀做分析以及探討黃仁宇教授寫作本書針對文化結構及官僚體制的批判價值，以提供大家對《萬曆十五年》研究的另一個視野。　　　第二章，筆者將探討「陽陰二重性」的思維傳統與運作法則的建構。華人文化面向又展現出哪些二重性的現象？筆者將闡明中國傳統社會儒家思想的核心「宗法倫理」與禮治秩序的聯結在社會秩序的運作態勢。　　　第三章，在本章中，我們將從「陽陰二重性」在個體的面向轉入探析明代官場及社會結構的運作層面。我們來解析明代官場結構的體制運作，將如何提供「道德禮儀」與「陽陰謀略」互為表裡的「間隙化」場域，來說明「陽陰二重性」在明代官場人物互動的策略。　　　第四章，在本章中，我們將對《萬曆十五年》做微觀層次的分析，也就是分析明朝官場人際互動「君臣關係」中所展現出來的「陽陰二重性」的行事邏輯。探討皇權與內閣首輔的「君臣關係」，其行為實踐中的曖昧性；「皇權」實踐是『名實相符』，抑或受到臣僚們「陽奉陰違」的對待？面對這些權力運作轉化，究竟產生什麼結果？　　　第五章，在本章中將進入考察明末社會「文官集團」在人際互動與個人領域中所展現出來的「陽陰二重性」的行事邏輯。並以生活環境結構所產生的互動，探討「陽/陰二重性」中「方」與「圓」之間拿捏分寸的智慧與文官的處世態度，要如何圓融的展現才不至於淪於道德形式化，並解析明代文人徘徊在道德與政治間的性格與態度。　　　　　第六章，在本章中，筆者將探討在「陽陰二重性」下，地方官場以及庶民生活實踐方式，在此會涉及庶民生活在人際、法律、經濟活動等互動的現象。我們針對在這種模式下各層級生活中官民互動的基本現象「白、灰、黑」三個層次的基本現象做探討。　　　第七章，在本章中，將提出筆者研讀本書在行動者/結構的研究架構下，提出對當代文化的一些可行性建議。首先是在皇權實踐上，我們需在遵循「禮治秩序」原則，建構名實相符的君臣關係。其次，在文官集團上，讓義與利能在經權原則，切合時中，給予各個行政體系安分守己、各得所需。最後希望制度文化與庶民生活面向上，能夠提供合理性的文化脈動，建構與時俱進、適合時代潮流的華人文化。　　　總之，本研究提出對華人官場人際互動的「陽陰二重性」進行研究，了解官場的人際互動操作原則，並試圖解釋這些行為實踐背後所象徵的文化結構的代表意義。通過這種視野，期待華人文化能有與時俱進的時代意義。　　This thesis focuses on one of the cultural characteristics in Chinese society, “Duality of Yang-Ying”, based on it to explore the phenomenon of interpersonal relationship. I attempt to discuss Huang Ren Yu’s “The 1587”, under the view of structure/ agency to evulate the figures, differing from those historical approcahes adopting within political, economical, normal and personality. From the analysis of structure/agancy, I would like to get a better unferstanding from “The 1587”.　　　Chapter one of this thesis introduces my study that the main idea according to Fernand Breaudel’s “Ecrits sur l'Histoire” ,” La part du milieu” and Giddens’ “Structuralism”. Then, I would like to discuss the Bourdieu’s “Hobbies, Field, Capital” and Goffman’s “The Theory of Interaction” and P. Blau’s “The Interaction Society Theory” that assume to the aspect ion of the human anthropology. According to above theories, I argue that the influence elements which concerns the characteristics of Chinese traditional human interaction, such as “the Harmony inspection and the Acquiescence of Yin-Yang”.　　　Chapter two offers some theories of “Duality of Yang-Ying” that construced the traditional module and the rule of manipulation. What does the phenomenon of “Duality of Yang-Ying ” account that in the Chinese cultural-aspection? I would like to illustrate the association in the social order that applied-tendency between the spirit of Chinese traditional society from the center of Confucian school and the order courtesy.　　　Chapter three manages to adopt the “Duality of Yang-Ying ” how to perform their machinery-layer from the individual perspective toward to a structral society in the Ming-dynasty. I analyze the Ming-dynasty’s bureaucrat structure that indicated the operation system. Both the “courstesy-ritual” and the “strategy of Yang-Ying” would interacted with bureaucracy as a field of “gapizeation” . Furthermore, I attempt to explain how the “Duality of Yang-Ying” encount the interactive strategy in Ming-dynasty’s bureaucratic figures.　　　Chapter four, I would like to analyze the “1587” with a micro dimension that expose Ming-dynasty’s “Monarchy-courtier relationship” in the bureaucratic interaction and that reflects the behaviour-logic of “Binary Duality”. Discussing “Monarchy-courtier relationship” from monarchy and premier is revealed the ambiguity in processing. Had the “monarchy” been practiced then suited “the name matches the reality” or treated with “outwardly compliant but inwardly unsubmissive” by courtiers?　　　Chapter five focuses on how “the officer-bloc” revealed their personal and interpersonal relationship based on the logic of “Duality of Yang-Ying”. With the concepts of “square” and “circle” withdrawing from “Duality of Yang-Ying”, the attitudes of the bureautics have been discussed as well. Based on above, the characteristic of the intelligentsia in Ming-dynasty will be revealed in the light of moral and political sense.　　　Chapter six, I would like to discuss the local bureaucratic culture and the common people how to practice the lives in terms of the “Duality of Yang-Ying”, which concerns the various of interactions amomg interpersonal relationships, laws, and economical activities. On the three layers, “white, grey, black”(the behaviour about bed, worse, good)”, the primary phonomena of everyday life will be further disclosed.　　　To conclude with the study, chapter seven offers some possible research suggestions to the contemporary culture under the structure/ agency framework. Firstly, we need to follow the principle of the “order of ritual” and build up a true “marnochy and subjects” relationship. Secondly, on the praxis of bureaucracy, the principles of purchasing righteousness and benefits will have each own way within official administration system. Lastly, on the dimensions of institutional culture and common people everyday life, this study will create a further understanding with Chinese culture.
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