南華大學機構典藏系統:Item 987654321/19575
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    jsp.display-item.identifier=請使用永久網址來引用或連結此文件: http://nhuir.nhu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/19575


    题名: 拉特維亞的俄羅斯裔國籍與公民權身份之研究
    其它题名: A study on the Nationality and Citizenship of the Russians in Latvia
    作者: 張列夫
    Chang, Lieh-fu
    貢獻者: 歐洲研究所
    郭武平
    Wu-ping Kwo
    关键词: 種族;波羅的海;無國籍者;人權;俄羅斯裔;拉特維亞;俄化;身分認同
    Ethnic group;Baltic;Russian;Human Rights;Latvian;Identity;Statelessness;Russification
    日期: 2010
    上传时间: 2015-03-16 13:22:27 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 　　在拉特維亞多數的外國族群是俄羅斯裔，這些俄羅斯人在蘇聯時代已經定居在拉特維亞，但是自從蘇聯瓦解，俄羅斯裔從原本的國內移民變成了國際移民，目前在拉脫維亞的俄羅斯裔只有部分已經拿到拉特維亞公民權，但是大部分的人都沒有拿到，根據一份歐盟執委會議會集會2008年的工作報告，明白指出約43萬人左右的拉國居民沒有任何公民權及國籍，特別是俄羅斯人的身份突然由上轉為下，從統治階級轉為被統治階級，甚至成為無國籍者，原因在於歷史因素，從沙皇(Tsar)統治期間，境內拉脫維亞人就是過著不如俄羅斯人身分的生活，在大俄羅斯主義下，然而到了蘇聯時期，俄化更是嚴重，由於種種歷史原因及情結，可看出為何拉特維亞政府不同意俄羅斯裔成為拉國公民，甚至在政治制度上以種族隔離政策幾乎成為一種清算，但是為了往歐洲的道路更順暢，拉國政府必須接受歐盟、聯合國、北大西洋公約組織、歐洲安全暨合作組織及其他國際人權團體的意見與批評，這問題從1995到2005年間多次在拉脫維亞議會(Saeima)討論與辯論，拉國才慢慢放寬俄羅斯裔歸化拉國的政策，然而直到今日，這問題仍然存在於拉國、俄國與歐盟之間，這時間對俄羅斯裔來說無疑是漫長的，他們無法拿到任何公民權，以純粹人權的角度來看，這應該是時間了，拉國應該忘記歷史的仇恨，重新接受這些俄羅斯裔成為新的拉特維亞公民，並且享受同樣的權利，也進同樣的義務。
    　　The majority of the foreign population in Latvia is of ethnic Russian origin. These Russians had settled as internal migrants during the Soviet era and changed their status to “international migrants” only after the collapse of the Soviet Union. My first travel to Latvia was in 2005. I found that the atmosphere in local society, such as daily news, life information, religions, cultures and languages of Russian and Latvian were parallel used. Although the structure of USSR was gone for more than decade, the shadow of the influence is still existed. Parts of Latvia born Russians have received the citizenship of Latvian government, yet many of them have not obtained it. According to Council of Europe the Parliamentary Assembly working Papers of 2008, it indicated 432896 people were non-citizens without any citizenship at all. Compared the position of the Russians were suddenly changed upside down from the ruling class to the ruled class, even became statelessness. The main reason of historical element due to unfair treatments in Tsar Era, Latvians were living under the pressure of Russians. The situation was even worse in Soviet Union; Russification had replaced Latvian language and culture seriously. By the historical reasons and complexes, Latvia’s regime was a form of “apartheid”, its minority policy tantamount to “ethnic cleansing”. The government restricted those Russians of becoming Latvian citizens. Nevertheless the way of returning to Europe, the Latvian government has to accept censures and opinions from European Union, OSCE, NATO, UN and other international human rights organizations. Through by several times of discuss and debate in Latvian Saeima during 1995-2005, Latvian has step by step relaxed the apartheid policy of naturalization. Until today it’s still the issue between Latvia, EU and Russia. It is absolutely a long time for those Russians who living in Latvia without any citizenship. For human rights aspect purely, it is the time to Latvia forgiving historical hate and reaccepting those Russians are able to receive citizenship. They could have the same civil rights and also have responsibility of the same duty as well.
    显示于类别:[國際事務與企業學系(亞太研究碩士班,公共政策研究碩士班,歐洲研究碩士班)] 博碩士論文-歐洲研究碩士班

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