| Abstract: | 兒童博物館的設置於美國已有百餘年的歷史，近幾年來，國內兒童美術館教育也漸受重視，以兒童為取向的兒童美術館及美術館內的兒童學習空間紛紛設立。高雄市立美術館於2003年著手籌備兒童美術館的設置，以「兒童創意美術館」計畫向文建會提出申請「地方文化館」計畫補助，並於2005年高雄市立兒童美術館正式對外開放，是國內第一座以兒童為對象的官方美術館。 然而，台灣兒童美術館的成立設置，這三、四年來是否達到設館計畫的目標，國內少有文獻論述與探討。因此本研究以「兒童美術館設置與管理－以高雄市立兒童美術館為例」為題，透過文獻分析、個案研究以及半結構式訪談的研究方法，選擇國外及國內較具代表性的兒童美術館，探析其設置與管理經營的基本模式，並以此來檢視高雄市立兒童美術館設置與管理之相關問題，最後提出實質的建議，供國內兒童美術館設置與管理之參考。 本研究結論：（一）符合兒童學習的特質、植根教育、開發兒童和家庭觀眾的觀眾群是國內設置兒童美術館的理由；而以「一般美術館中的兒童空間」是最適合國內的設置類型。（二）兒童美術館的組織編制、典藏品的類型與一般美術館大致相同；穩定的資金來源是兒童美術館營運的基礎；而建立完善的義工制度可緩和國內兒童美術館人力緊絀的壓力。（三）需由專業的團隊來進行展示規劃，並重視入口意象的營造、展示空間的分齡處理，以及延伸學習空間的開發；同時以「主題式」的展示方式，運用具體、多感官的實際情境營造，配合多元、遊戲性與生活經驗相連結的參與互動式展示教具，並提供親子學習手冊、展示說明圖板及網頁展覽內容，來增進兒童的參觀學習。（四）需重視學校合作、社區服務、網頁的製作，並與民間企業及媒體建立良好的關係，以開拓出更多元的教育推廣工作與資源。 本研究建議：（一）高雄市立兒童美術館的設置與管理：1. 開發延伸學習的空間、藝術工作坊、充實嬰幼兒學習空間；2. 邀請專業的兒童美術教師於主題展將製作完成之前來參觀指導，使展示內容更臻於完善；3.加強網頁的製作與管理、辦理巡迴展、增加對學校資源的提供與社區服務等教育推廣工作；4. 各展覽室入口處設置消毒洗手機，讓觀眾可以更安心的在此空間學習。（二）國內兒童美術館的設置與管理：1. 兒童美術館的設置需以「軟體－展示教育」為核心；2. 兒童美術館的設置之初需培訓展示教育的專業人才；3. 政府需增加兒童美術館館員的編制；4. 國內兒童美術館應重視網頁內容的製作。
It has been more than one hundred years since the establishment of children's museum in the U.S. In the recent years, domestic children's art museum education has gradually been given more attention. Children's art museums that target on children and children's learning space within the museum have been established. In 2003, Kaohsiung Children's Museum of Art started to arrange the establishment of children's art museum. They proposed the project of ＂Children's Creation Art Museum＂ to apply for the subsidy from Council for Cultural Affairs, Taiwan. In 2005, Kaohsiung Children's Museum of Art formally opened to the public and it was Taiwan's first official children-specific art museum. However, there remains little literature addressing the issue about whether the establishment of Taiwan children's art museum in the recent three or four years achieved its original goal. In light of this, by means of literature analysis, case study, and semi structured interview, the present study entitled ＂The establishment and management of children's art museum: An Example of Kaohsiung Children's Museum of Art＂ chose representative children's art museums domestically and internationally to discuss the basic operation model of its establishment and management as well as examine related issues about the establishment and management of Kaohsiung Children's Museum of Art. In the end, practical suggestions are made and can be served as references for the establishment and management of domestic children's art museum. The conclusions of this study are: (1)To meet children's learning quality, cultivate education, and develop children and family audience are the reasons to establish domestic children's art museum; ＂children's space in the ordinary art museum＂ suits domestic establishment most. (2)The compilation and collection's type in the children's art museum is about the same as that in the ordinary art museum; stable funding source is the basis of the operation of children's art museum; to set up a good volunteer system can ease the pressure of manpower shortage in the domestic children's art museum. (3)A professional team is required to carry out display planning, and the building of entrance imagery, age-specific in the display space as well as the development of extended learning space must be emphasized; the display mode must be theme-oriented, to construct concrete and multi-sensory situation, provide diverse, entertaining and life-related teaching aids, provide parentage learning manual, explanation board and web contents to increase children's visiting motivation. (4)School cooperation, community service, and website construction must be emphasized; to have positive relation with private enterprises and media to open up diverse education extending and resources. The study suggests: (1)As to the establishment and management of Kaohsiung Children's Museum of Art: 1. Develop extended learning space, art workshops, and enrich infants and children's learning space; 2. Invite professional children's art teachers to visit and instruct before the completion of theme exhibition to perfect the exhibition contents; 3. Improve the making and management of web pages, hold exhibition tour, increase education promotion tasks, such as resource providing for schools and community service; 4. provide sterilized hand washing machine in the entrance of each exhibition room so that the audiences can feel relieved when learning in the space. (2)As to the establishment and management of domestic children's art museum: 1. The core of the establishment of children's art museum must be ＂software –exhibition education＂; 2. At the initial stage of the establishment of children's art museum, professionals of exhibition education must be trained; 3. The government needs to increase the number of staff in children's art museum; 4. Domestic children's art museum must put emphasis on the making of the contents of web pages. |
