| 摘要: | 大學時代，研究者參與了佛學社團的許多活動，尤其在為往生者助念時，看見僵直不動的遺體及家屬悲傷無奈的神情，均讓研究者對於「生死」一事產生了相當多的感觸與疑問：「 生死問題對於每個人而言，是否皆為苦難？」「如果生死是一種苦難的話，人應該如何去面對？」以及「是否有轉化生死苦難的可能性？」……。正由於如此之因緣與困惑，讓研究者欲以《淨土聖賢錄》此書所載之宋代居士事例為本，先予以詮釋生死苦難、生命轉化與宋代淨土宗思想之間關係，續以掘發宋代居士的生死觀，並進一步探討宋代居士生死觀所蘊含的現代意義，俾能針對上述之種種生死困惑予以反思，並提出可能的應對之道。而本論文之研究結果如下： 一、生死苦難與生命轉化關係於宋代淨土法門思想緣起中的分位，是不可或缺的，也就是在生死苦難的逼迫之下，宋代居士藉由生死苦難所蘊含之義理的覺察，衍化而成淨土宗信仰上的寄託，冀以求諸自我生命的轉化。 二、在「彌陀四十八大願於生死苦難轉化的理念」此一主體性體認的過程當中，宋代居士對於生死苦難的感受，或許有從「不可替代性」以至「無自性」的體會，並深發「推己及人」之願而求生西方淨土。在此「信」、「願」具足的情況下，依教奉行──「以『心』為主的奉行修持，且在自／他（佛）力二力修持下，有『善藉諸緣以行諦觀』之自身主體性的深層性思維」──以冀能解決所遭遇的生死困惑與難題。 三、宋代居士生死觀在現代社會生死問題的應對上，有其客觀意義，也就是其能提供適切的建言，而使現代人自我價值觀負向顛倒的變質產生根源性轉化的可能性，以解決其心理層面之困惑，乃至避免「心身症」之諸多疾病的產生，而達致生命的轉化。
During college, the researcher participated in various activities of Buddhist clubs. Especially when chanting for the deceased, when I saw the still bodies and the sad and hopeless looks of the families, I had many thoughts and questions on “life and death,” such as “is the question of life and death painful for everyone?” “If life and death are pain, how should people face them?” and “is it possible to transform the pain of life and death?” Such causes and confusions are the reasons for me to use the examples of Song Dynasty lay Buddhists in the Record of Pure Land Saints to interpret the relationship between the pains of life and death, life transformation, and Song Dynasty Pure Land beliefs, from which to derive the view on life and death of Song Dynasty lay Buddhists. Further, it explores the modern meaning of the view on life and death of Song Dynasty lay Buddhists, if these confusions about life and death can be reconsidered, possible coping methods can be provided. Research results of this dissertation are as follows: 1. The relationship between the pain of life and death and life transformation originate in the beliefs of the Song Dynasty Pure Land sect, and is indispensable. Under the pain of life and death, Song Dynasty lay Buddhists use their perceptions of the meaning of the pain of life and death to derive religious faith in the Pure Land doctrine, in order to pursue the life transformation for oneself. 2. In the process of perceiving the subjective “vision of Maitreya’s forty-eight wishes on the pain of life and death transformation,” the sense of Song Dynasty lay Buddhists regarding the pain of life and death may begin from “irreplaceability” and understanding of empty existence, which then derives the hope of “self to the other” in seeking the Western Pure Land. Under this condition of sufficient “faith,” and “willingness,” adherence to doctrine by the “adherence through the heart, and with the help of self/other (Buddha), there arises a deep subjective thought based on ‘good based on karmic relationships and using behavior to create views” in order to resolve the confusion and difficulties encountered by life and death. 3. Song Dynasty lay Buddhists’ view on life and death has a manifestation in objective meaning in terms of the modern societal questions of life and death, in the sense that it can provide appropriate suggestions, to create a possibility of fundamental transformation for the negative and backward values of modern man, and resolve psychological confusion to prevent psychosomatic disease and other problems, in turn causing a life transformation. |
