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| 題名: | 以「蘇台德問題」探討後冷戰時期德國與捷克的關係 |
| 其他題名: | The Sudeten Question and the Relationship between German and the Czech Republic in the Post- Cold War: out of the Shadow of Sudeten Complex? |
| 作者: | 陳泰仁
Chen, Tai-jen |
| 貢獻者: | 歐洲研究所
洪茂雄
Hung, Mao-Hsiung |
| 關鍵詞: | 蘇台德問題;民族問題;民族利益
the Sudeten question;the ethnical question;national benefits |
| 日期: | 1999 |
| 上傳時間: | 2015-05-11 16:00:39 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 德國與捷克同屬中歐的重要國家，這兩個相鄰的國家自古以來即有其特殊的關係。無論在宗教、文化上抑或生活習慣上，日耳曼民族與捷克民族皆受同化影響，兩大民族的關係隨著兩民族融合而愈來愈緊密。但二次大戰時希特勒的種族侵略與戰後捷克對蘇台德德國人的驅逐卻引發了兩國間的「蘇台德問題」，也結束了德、捷長久以來和平相處的局面。直至冷戰結束前，兩國對於「蘇台德問題」的爭議仍相持不下。進入後冷戰時期，面對90年代國際格局的變化與國際社會的新挑戰之際，雙方都有著互相依賴與發展緊密關係的需求。為了避免雙邊關係受到「蘇台德問題」的阻礙而影響自身國家利益，德捷即開始著手進行兩國關係間的協商和解工作，1997年所簽署的「德捷和解宣言」便是兩國在解決「蘇台德問題」上的重大進展。但目前為止種種跡象皆顯示，德捷兩國國內仍潛伏著不穩定的因素，這不但影響兩國關係的正常發展，在歐洲國家大力倡導統合之下，捷克未來將加入歐盟此一多邊整合架構組織，若蘇台德問題不能圓滿解決，勢必影響將來歐洲統合的發展。因此，剖析兩民族對「蘇台德問題」爭執的焦點，探究此一民族仇恨對後冷戰時期兩國發展的影響；進而以現階段的成果與困難思索未來徹底解決的模式與可能性遂成為本文的研究的核心議題。 本文參考文獻包括位於德國巴伐利亞邦的「蘇台德德人同鄉會」所出版的專書、德國與捷克國內報紙針對「蘇台德問題」的相關性評論報導與兩國的相關外交公報；同時涵蓋國內外相關的代表性著作、期刊與論文等；再者，為了迅速掌握兩國關係的最新動態，也透過網際網路，進入相關研究性與新聞性網站擷取第一手寶貴的資料。此外，歐盟所出版的專書與官方文件也為本文的資料來源之一。 本文透過歷史研究法中的資料分析法與比較研究法的交叉運用，首先以「蘇台德問題」為探討核心面向，經由此種歷史性的回顧與分析剖析蘇台德問題的核心議題，以提供進入主體分析前必要的基礎與材料；再者並輔以兩國於冷戰時期的外交互動與冷戰結束後德捷的外交取向，進而探究兩國外交政策的轉變與解決「蘇台德問題」的具體行動；最後將透過兩國民間及蘇台德德人民意調查的量化表達、雙方於97年簽訂的「德捷和解宣言」內容檢視剖析現階段和解的具體成果與困難癥結點，並在將來捷克回歸歐洲社會的前景下探討未來兩國新關係的展望及完全消弭蘇台德問題的可能性。 本文研究結果發現，兩國針對「蘇台德問題」相持的爭執點不外乎「責任歸屬」、「重返故鄉」及「財產歸還與金錢賠償」3大議題。在1997年德捷簽署的和解宣言中，兩國政府大部份解決了相關爭議問題，並共同建立了若干兩國和解機制，這些都已為兩民族間真正的和解創造了良好的基礎；現階段所需努力的便是如何消弭人民心中的歷史陰影；在未來，當捷克獲准加入歐盟後，在歐盟的機制運作下，不但有助於兩國間民族間的和睦，對於「蘇台德問題」的和解而言，也將在歐洲統合的進程中逐漸劃下一個休止符。
Coming in the post- cold war, the international situation arose a huge transition. German and the Czech Republic both have the requirements of the interdependency. However, unresolved question from the past (the Sudeten question) have increasingly continued to burden mutual relation. The need to take a step forward in Czech- German relations has been on the minds of Czech as well as German politicians for a long time. Finally, in 1997 German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and Czech Premier V aclav Klaus signed ＂the Czech-German declaration on bilateral relations and their future development＂ in Prague. This declaration, not being a binding treaty, is perceived as a fairly well- balanced expression of political will. But up to now, the painful point in the two countries' relations is still not be resolved, and the development of the relation between German and the Czech Republic is still be astrict. Besides, the question of enlarging the European Union (EU) is a crucial theme in Czech- German relations. The Czech Republic will join in EU in the future. If the Sudeten question can not be resolved favorably in process of time, then this question will be the obstacle of the development of the European integration. Thus, the Sudeten question still plays an important role between German and the Czech Republic. This thesis exerts the historical research methods, for instance documental analysis, compare, and induction as the major research approaches. The main sources of this thesis are based on the publications and the relative documents of the Sudeten German Landsmannschaft (SL), the relative government's bulletins and the analysis in a newspaper, as well as relative books, dissertations, periodicals, publications of relevance. Besides, in order to manage the rapid development of the Language Policy of the EU, this research also utilizes the immediate date obtained from the WWW In Internet. This thesis is divided into six chapters: 1. Introduction; 2. The context of the Sudeten question; 3. The transition of the German and Czech foreign Policy in the Post- Cold War; 4. The specific proceedings of the reconciliation between German and the Czech Republic in the Post- Cold War; 5. The analysis and outlook of the new relation between German and the Czech Republic; 6. Conclusion. Finally, the conclusion of this thesis will analyze and dissertate the following: 1. The focus dispute of the Sudeten question; 2. The influence of the Sudeten question on the relation between German and the Czech Republic; 3. The approach and possibility of the solving of the Sudeten question in process of time. |
| 顯示於類別: | [國際事務與企業學系(亞太研究碩士班,公共政策研究碩士班,歐洲研究碩士班)] 博碩士論文-歐洲研究碩士班
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