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http://nhuir.nhu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/20648
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| 題名: | 我不是壞小孩─喪親少年的生命故事與偏差行為 |
| 其他題名: | Adolescents' life stories: Exploring the link between parental death and deviant behavior |
| 作者: | 侯南隆
Hou, Nan-Lung |
| 貢獻者: | 生死學研究所
廖梅花;吳芝儀
Liao, Mei-Hua;Wu, Chih-Yi |
| 關鍵詞: | 喪親;偏差行為;悲傷;建構論;詮釋學;詮釋性互動論;敘說分析;生命故事
parental death;deviant behavior;grief;constructivism;hermeneutics;interpretive interactionism;narrative analysis;life story |
| 日期: | 2000 |
| 上傳時間: | 2015-05-12 13:36:21 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 對多數的人而言，親人死亡是生命裡的一個重大衝擊事件，處於發展階段的少年更是如此。依據Kelly個人建構理論的觀點，喪親事件將直接衝擊個人的生活信念、價值觀等核心建構，造成個性態度上的劇烈變動。 以往對於少年行為偏差的研究多以量化統計研究進行。儘管研究結果與數據都呈現父母親亡故與少年偏差行為有著正相關，但長久以來實徵研究都不曾對此一涵括生死學與犯罪學兩個學門間的現象進行深入地探討。據此，本研究採取質性研究典範，在詮釋學與個人建構論的方法論基礎下，進行此一基礎性探索研究。研究目的在理解喪親少年的主觀生命世界，從中瞭解偏差行為與經驗事件間的關聯。 本研究依循循環式建構研究的歷程，透過先導性研究修正與調整研究問題與研究方法。而為增進研究結果的可信性，研究者採取資料三角檢證，分別以深度訪談及個人建構工具(建構詞錄方格、階梯法)進行資料蒐集。而在方法的三角檢證，則分別以詮釋性互動論及建構論進行資料分析。為顧及理論飽和度，共選取包括先導性研究在內五名13至15歲男性少年作為研究參與者，其中三位為喪親後被界定為偏差者，兩位被界定為非偏差。 經由分析與討論，研究者針對喪親經驗、少年統合狀態以及偏差行為間的關聯提出「自我統合實踐狀態」理論以及「喪親少年負向感受紓解模式」，描述了少年喪親後的社會心理狀態，並擴展吳芝儀(1999b)提出的「整合觀點之暴力行為循環模式」為「整合觀點之偏差行為循環模式」。 研究結果發現如下：1.喪親事件是影響少年偏差行為發生與否的一個關鍵點。喪親對情感、行為與認知造成衝擊，使少年陷入心理的危機之中。少年可能因為缺乏因應負向感受的方法與能力，而選擇以偏差行為來紓解。2.少年因為重要他人的去世，影響其自我統合任務的完成，更因為悲傷的未能復原而可能朝向負向統合發展。3.喪親少年的悲傷復原狀況影響偏差行為的消長。4.支持系統所提供的支持內涵直接影響少年如何因應喪親後生活經驗中的負向感受，喪親少年可能從中學習到以偏差行為作為因應對策。5.支持系統的變動將加劇喪親少年的心理危機程度。6.「老師」是喪親少年的重要支持系統。7.家庭共同的悲傷能否完成影響少年偏差行為的消長。8.少年喪親後普遍以「堅強」的信念來面對生活。9.「社會烙印」的作用影響少年悲傷的復原，也極易導致暴力攻擊行為。10.支持系統的關心與接納是悲傷復原、偏差行為消除的必要條件。11.採取負向生活態度之喪親少年，容易產生偏差行為。 本研究結果對於犯罪學研究與生死學發展有所啟發。依據研究結論，本研究建議應更加關注喪親少年的身心狀況，提供適當的介入措施與支持力量，避免少年由於喪親事件的衝擊而陷入偏差的危機之中。此外，透過死亡教育的施行，亦是預防喪親導致偏差一個積極的方法。
For most individuals, parental death is a critical life event with great impact. For adolescents at a rapidly developing stage, the impact is even more consequential. According to Kelly’s theory of personal construct, parental death would directly affect an individual’s core constructs, belief systems, and values, which usually lead to dramatic changes in personality. Quantitative methods have long dominated the field of criminology, and most research outcomes showed a positive correlation between parental death and deviant behaviors among adolescents. However, the impacts of parental death remain unknown and in need of further investigations. To understand the subjective world of adolescents with parental death and to further look into how they are affected by such a painful event, this study adopts qualitative research paradigms informed by hermeneutics and constructivism. Following the circle of constructivist inquiry, a pilot study was carried out to refine the research techniques and deepen the understanding of the research problems. To increase trustworthiness, this study does two kinds of triangulation. One is on data resources, where in-depth interviews and repertory grids are used to collect data from the participants. The other is on analytic methods, where the analytic schemes informed by interpretive interactionism and constructivism are employed. Five junior high school students (aged 13-15) with parental death are recruited and invited to participate in this study. Among the five, three are defined as deviants, and the other two are not, serving as counter group. After exploring the links among the participants’ experience of parental death, their statuses of self-identity, and their deviant behaviors, this study proposes two models, with one on the status of self-identity achievement and the other on how adolescents relieve their negative feelings associated with the death events. The two models delineate the psychosocial state of deviants suffering from parental death. As a result, Wu’s (1999) “cycle model of violent behaviors” is also expanded to a “cycle model of deviant behaviors”. Other main findings include the following: (1)Parental death is the critical incident in terms of the onset of deviant behavior. The death event affects adolescents’ feelings, cognition, and behavior patterns, and places them at great psychological risk. They may lack abilities to handle the negative feeling and thus turn to deviant behavior for relief. (2)If their grief cannot be relieved, the critical task of self-identity achievement may not be accomplished. (3)The more they can recover from grief, the less they turn to deviant behaviors for relief. (4)What supporting systems can offer directly affects how they cope with negative feelings associated with parental death. They may turn to deviant behavior as a way of coping. (5)The shifts on the supporting systems will aggravate the adolescents’ psychological crises. (6)School teachers present an important support for these adolescents. (7)The more the entire family can resolve the grief collaboratively, the less the adolescents turn to deviant behavior as a way of coping. (8)Most adolescents with parental death uphold the idea of “being psychologically hardy”to help them move on. (9)Social stigma has negative impacts on their recovery from grief and tends to trigger violent or aggressive reactions. (10)Care and acceptance provided by supporting systems are necessary conditions for eliminating deviant behaviors. (11)Those who adopt a negative life attitude are inclined to becoming deviants. The research findings shed light on the field of criminology and thanatology. Based on the findings, it is suggested that youth workers pay more attention to the psychological needs of adolescents suffering from parental death. To help cope with the crisis, more effective interventions and supports should be provided. In addition, the implementation of death education in all levels of school education would serve as a proactive way to preventing the onset of deviant behaviors associated with parental death. |
| 顯示於類別: | [生死學系(生死學系碩士班,哲學與生命教育碩士班)] 博碩士論文-生死學系碩士班
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