從教育改革談台灣地區大學入學制度之變革（1994-迄今）

南華大學機構典藏系統 > 社會科學院 > 國際事務與企業學系(亞太研究碩士班,公共政策研究碩士班,歐洲研究碩士班) > 博碩士論文-公共政策研究碩士班 > Item 987654321/20811

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题名:	從教育改革談台灣地區大學入學制度之變革（1994-迄今）
其它题名:	Taking a view of Educational Revolution, Disscussion of the Reform about the College Entrance Examination in Taiwan
作者:	鄭秋霞
貢獻者:	公共行政與政策研究所許仟
关键词:	教育改革審議委員會;教育改革行動方案;大學入學考試中心;教育鬆綁;多元入學;大學招生策進會
日期:	2002
上传时间:	2015-05-18 10:24:47 (UTC+8)
摘要:	「萬般皆下品，唯有讀書高」為中國人根深蒂固的觀念，大學聯招最為人稱頌者為公正、公平與公開，不問出身、貧富、貴賤、美醜，只要透過聯考洗鍊，皆有接受高等教育機會。大學聯招自民國四十三年施行迄今已四十八年，它一方面可免除考生各地奔波報考及金錢與身心負擔，同時減輕各大學校院自辦招生試務工作之負擔，其功能及公信力深受社會各界肯定。惟台灣地區在傳統聯招一元化的單一標準下，文憑掛帥，升學主義氾濫，教學不正常，學生飽嚐升學壓力之苦。當局有鑑於此，乃極思變革，大學入學考試中心八十一年五月提出「我國大學入學制度改革建議書─大學多元入學方案」；教育部在民國八十四年提出之《中華民國教育報告書》即以「紓解升學壓力」和「教育自由化」為主軸；行政院教育改革審議委員會八十五年十二月二日完成「教育改革總諮議報告書」，提出「打開新『試窗』：暢通升學管道」，並揭櫫教育改革五大方向，強調推動多元入學制度。在教育改革的要求下，教育的選才方式有革命性變化，在台灣地區實施四十八年的大學聯考將自九十一學年度起由「大學多元入學新方案」所替代，當局希透過「大學多元入學新方案」的實施以緩和學生升學壓力，並引導學校教學正常化。「考試領導教學」是我國入學制度產生的現象，升學主義所衍生的種種教育現象，為教育極為嚴重問題。大學聯招雖歷經種種變革，然皆屬技術性問題的改進，基本架構無任何改變，而入學制度之改變影響高中教學極其深遠。自大學入學考試中心於一九九四年試辦「大學推薦甄選」後成效良好，一九九八年教育部復推出「申請入學制」，大學聯招自此已非屬「唯一」；大學招生策進會更於八十八年六月二十一日討論通過：自2002年起實施「大學多元入學新方案」，傳統大學聯招終將走入歷史畫下句點。多元入學即在協助學生找尋自己的「唯一」，透過多元入學方案，讓學生開始了解自己、學習與自己相處、做自己、執行生涯規劃、符合多元智慧精神，學生才能擁有二十一世紀真正的競爭力。多元入學方案的精神，乃在引導學生了解自己、接納自己並開發潛能。在教育中，我們需要遼闊的視野與樂觀的願景，更需尊重每一個生命的獨特性。本研究擬達成下列目的：一、了解傳統大學聯招時代背景及其意義。二、探討民間教育改革團體、教育改革審議委員會及教育當局對教育改革之努力，分析大學入學制度改革之迫切性與需要性。三、分析多元入學方案提供之適當性與適合性。四、檢視入學制度變革下各種影響與衝擊。五、分析變革後入學制度需加強、改進、及因應配套措施。本文研究結果顯示，大學入學考試具有社會化功能、大學入學制度之變遷具時代意義、文憑及升學主義仍難從根遞除、校系門檻如定太高有特殊天份之資優生將被摒大學之門外、考科零分照例分發顯見學生通才不足。 As for us Chinese, a deeply-rooted idea is that “There is nothing more noble than getting profound knowledge by studying.” The Joint College Entrance Examination has been considered the fairest, the most public. Whoever you are, rich or poor, noble or humble, beautiful or ugly, you have the chance to accept the higher education by passing the important examination. The examination system has been carried out for forty-eight years since 1954. Of course, there are advantages and disadvantages. One of the possitive points is that it can prevent students from traveling here and there taking the exam. At the same time, it also can reduce the burden that every college deals with the examination stuff. Its function and public-confidence are well recognized by all people from all walks of life. However, under the traditional unique standard, the diplomas become the most important, the purpose of study is to enter a good school, the teaching method is abnormal, and even students are weighed down by the heavy lesson pressure. In view of these, the authorities concerned tried their best to transform the system. The Joint College Entrance Center put forward the Multiple Entrance Policy in May of 1992. Later the Ministry of Education brought forward the Educational report of the R. O. C. in 1995, whose main points were to release the entrance pressure and the educational liberalization. On December 2, 1996, the Ministry of Executive completed the Educational Reformation Council Report and emphasized the multiple entrance system. Their purpose was to guide the teaching normalization through the multiple entrance policy. That examination leads to teaching is the phenomenon caused by the entrance system. Naturally it brings about serious problems to our education. The Joint Entrance Examination has gone through many reformations, but they are something about techniques. In fact, the basic structure is just the same. Besides, the system really has a great influence on high school teaching. Since 1994, the recommendation test has won most people’s approval. In addition, the application entrance system started from 1998, So the Joint College Entrance was not the only way to enter college. What’s were, the College Multiple Entrance New Policy will be performed in 2002, so the traditional entrance system will be topped off in the history. The policy helps students search for their favorites, and lets students come to understand themselves, learn to get along with themselves, try to be themselves. They are even able to put their career proposals into practice, corresponding to the multiple wisdom spirits; therefore they can be in possession of the real competition of the 21st century. No wonder, its spirits are to guide students to understand, accept themselves and develop their potentials. In the process of education, We need to broaden our visions and optimistic prospect; and even respect the peculiarity of individuals. The purposes of the research are: 1. to understand the background and the meaning of the traditional entrance examination times. 2. to discover the lasting efforts of many educational reformation groups, councils, and our government and to analyze the urgency and necessity of the entrance system. 3. to analyze the suitability that the multiple entrance policy provides. 4. to find out all kinds of effects and impacts under the entrance system. 5. to analyze that schools, students, our government, parents, teachers, and the public should have proper measures to go well with the new policy. This research shows that the college entrance examination really has social functions. The reformation of the college entrance system also has the meaning of times. The notion of going to a good school and getting a diploma is difficult to be got rid of by the root. If the limitation of the department is too high, those who have special talents will be forbidden to enter the college. Some students get zero score should go to the college. Apparently, students have deficient general ability.
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