警察在槍戰現場之死亡心態研究

南華大學機構典藏系統 > 人文學院 > 生死學系(生死學系碩士班,哲學與生命教育碩士班) > 博碩士論文-生死學系碩士班 > Item 987654321/20869

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题名:	警察在槍戰現場之死亡心態研究
其它题名:	The Study Of Death Mentality On Taiwan Police Officers When Facing Gunfights
作者:	戴天岳 Dai, Tien-Yueh
貢獻者:	生死學研究所楊士隆 Shu-Lung Yang
关键词:	生死學;研究問題;歷程;質性研究方法;個案研究法;參與觀察法;文獻及資料分析法;焦點團體訪談法 thanatology;Research problem;process;Qualitative research method;Case Study;participation observation;Document analysis;Focus Group
日期:	2002
上传时间:	2015-05-18 15:14:34 (UTC+8)
摘要:	將生死學（thanatology）引進警察界一直是研究者的進入生死學領域後的夢想與研究目標，以「警察在槍戰現場之死亡心態」為題，除可將研究者在警察界服務三十年之實務與理論契合運用外，更可藉此研究使民眾深入瞭解警察人員在面臨槍戰現場時之死亡心態及實務界之參考。以「警察槍戰」為研究對象，係考量：1、犯罪使用諸般工具中，以槍戰最具社會震撼力。2、槍戰最具殺傷力。3、槍戰現場最具血腥景象，使執勤警察產生莫大心理壓力。4、犯罪使用工具中，槍枝犯罪有日益升高趨勢。以「死亡心態」為研究議題，則著眼於：「死亡心態」，能影響槍戰現場當時，警察在現場處理的「認知」－「為誰而戰？為何而戰？」、「情緒」－「緊張害怕？衝動憤怒？」、「行為」－「如何作戰？格殺逮捕？」亦即「認知、情緒、行為」均會影響槍戰的最後結果。本研究問題（Research problem）主要在探討從進入「槍戰現場」至「警匪槍戰」雙方持槍驚險對峙開始，到警察與歹徒雙方互相射擊，各種面臨死亡心態的歷程（process），而此時間歷程上又分為：1、初期－進入槍戰現場，警匪對峙尚未開槍。2、中期－警匪互相開槍，瞬間中槍死亡。3、末期－槍戰結束，清理現場。整個槍戰過程中（process），現場警察人員的「心態反應」，亦即「心智活動」所引發的相關問題探討，另外以實証方式訪談實際參加過警匪槍戰現場之警察加以佐証。本研究方法採用質性研究方法（Qualitative research method），包括個案研究法（Case Study共有三個訪談個案）、參與觀察法（participation observation）、文獻及資料分析法（Document analysis）等。至於第三個研究個案，因案發後至現場員警甚多，故以焦點團體訪談法（Focus Group）進行研究，從有系統的蒐集和分析資料的研究歷程形成最後結論，研究結果發現： 1、警察人員執行勤務遭遇發生槍戰時，其面對生死一瞬間，開槍的剎那，其死亡心態為：（1）、情緒上－害怕、震驚、惋惜、不知所措、難過、憤怒、遺憾、悲傷等。（2）、認知上－記憶深刻、缺乏情報、敵情觀念等。（3）、行為上－找掩護、緊急送醫、未有預立遺囑準備、槍戰時間很短、心理諮商輔導、獎賞問題、用槍問題等。 2、「死亡心態」對警察執行勤務遭遇發生槍戰時，表現的影響及影響程度為：（1）、認知上－會影響警察在槍戰時的各種處置作為。（2）、情緒上－會影響警察決定手上的槍枝是否開槍及射擊部位的決定。（3）、行為上－會影響警察在槍戰中作出關鍵性的行為動作。 3、研究結果印證原先研究假設，並作如下修正：（1）、槍戰初期－不同槍戰型態（有無預警情報）之警匪槍戰，均會發生各種不同程度的變化。（2）、槍戰中期（槍戰開始）－不同槍戰類型（歹徒警察開槍情形）之警匪槍戰，現場警察其死亡心態會因歹徒或警察開槍之不同情形發生顯著差異。（3）、槍戰末期（槍戰結束）－不同槍戰死傷結果（歹徒警察民眾死傷情形）之警匪槍戰，現場警察其死亡心態會因歹徒或警察或民眾死亡之不同情形發生顯著差異。（4）、警察個人背景因素（性別年齡婚姻等）會影響警察死亡心態。（5）、上次的中介因素（司法督察調查等）會影響本次槍戰時的警察死亡心態，進而發生不一樣的槍戰結果。但上述原則並非律則，仍有個別差異不能一慨而論。最後針對此研究提出下列六點建議提供警察人員作為職前教育（教育訓練）或生命教育（心理諮商輔導）之參考，以提昇警政效能改善社會治安確保民眾福祉：1、改變傳統警察射擊教育呆板訓練模式活化實戰生動教具與教材。2、建立槍戰檔案與統計資料，檢討得失並作為提昇槍戰技巧借鏡。3、揚棄單打獨鬥個人英雄觀念集中警力使用將是未來遵循的方向。4、推動危機管理有備無患「預立遺囑」（living will）的準備理念。5、提昇警察公墓殯葬管理政策，使員警無畏生死勇敢面對各種槍戰。6、重新檢討關老師的設置有效提昇其功能撫平槍戰負面死亡心態。7、將生死學理念引進警界提昇警察人員正確生命尊嚴與死亡尊嚴。 Since the author has studied thanatology, this area became the main realm of his research, but it is the first time that he does such a study among the police officers. The police make out one fourth of the civil servants in Taiwan. This study focuses on the analysis of the police officers' mentality when they face death in a gunfight. The study was very much needed, and it was really urgent. Gunfights evoke great interest in public. They are of great concern. Police officers involved in gunfights can be scared. Therefore, the focus on their death mentality can give us some insights and we can make a few conclusions about the gunfights' recognition, their emotional impact and the police officers facing them. In this study, we dealt with the main dimensions and asked the question: what is happening between the police and the bandit? During the process we could investigate the death-mentality of the police. In concrete, we could see that the question had to be viewed in three parts: initial, middle and final mental activities in a gunfight. We also took some instances to verify the points. In the study, we emphasize the quality research method including three cases of the case study, participation- observation, and data analysis of the document etc.. As to the third case study, we focus on group interview because a lot of polices officers remain in the fighting areas. From this procedures, we can get the result of our research: (1) When the police had some previous information about facing the gunfight in the initial stage, their death-mentality seemed to be little burdensome, but this attitude did not come from their carelessness. (2) Different kind of gunfight manners could cause among the police a different death-mentality in the middle time. (3) If in the final time a death occurred among the police officers, the bandits or the common people (e.g.: one of the pedestrians was killed) the death mentality reflected different mental activities such as scare, sorrow, justice or the administrative punishment. (4) The factors of background and judicial intervention could make some differences about the death mentality of the police. But all depends on the individual difference. Finally, I would like to summarize the result of the study : suggestion of lifelong educational training of duty-free police officers in psychology, guidance, consultation in order to upgrade the efficiency of policing administration and to improve the social order by insuring the welfare of the people. Furthermore I would like to suggest:(1) We should change the traditional training material to a more realistic and attractive one. (2) We should set up gun-fighting files and collect the available statistical data in order to refresh the skills. (3) We should give up the hero-idea and have a better team work in a gunfight. (4) We should carry out the crisis management and do the living will previously.(5) We should review the coaching system-Teacher kuan and soothe the mentality after facing a gunfight efficiently. (7)We should lead the idea of thanatology to the field of the police as to upgrade the accurate dignity of life and death for the police .
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