性別職業隔離的轉變：以彩妝師為例

南華大學機構典藏系統 > 社會科學院 > 應用社會學系(社會工作與社會設計碩士班,教育社會學碩士班) > 博碩士論文-社會學碩士班(停招) > Item 987654321/21198

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題名:	性別職業隔離的轉變：以彩妝師為例
其他題名:	THE CHANGE OF SEX OCCUPATIONAL SEGREGATION: A CASE STUDY ON COSMETICIANS
作者:	楊瓊樺 Yang, Chung-hua
貢獻者:	社會學研究所楊靜利 Ching-li Yang
關鍵詞:	非傳統職業選擇;性別刻板印象;性別職業隔離;彩妝師 sex occupational segregation;gender-stereotype;cosmeticians;the choice of nontraditional occupation
日期:	2003
上傳時間:	2015-05-28 17:30:42 (UTC+8)
摘要:	因為人生理特徵的不同，致使男性和女性擁有不同的特質，表現出不同的行為模式與性別角色期望。透過社會文化和制度的形塑，兩性特質成為性別勞動的基礎。人們依其性別選擇並進入適合自己性別特質的工作，不僅強化性別刻板印象，也確立工作場所的性別隔離。然而在社會不斷提倡兩性平等的今日，有愈來愈多的男性或女性從事傳統認知上與本身性別特質不相符合的職業，這種改變代表存在社會中的性別職業隔離現象已產生改變。過去相關研究多將焦點圍繞在女性勞動者身上，探討在資本主義及父權體制的性別化分工和性別職業隔離中，女性如何居於次等地位。本文則從另外一個角度出發，探討男性進入女性的職業，如何影響女性化職業的聲望和評價？以及是否分割該職業的工作內容？　　　本文以質性研究方法來探討上述問題，主要透過對男女從業人員、化妝品公司與顧客進行訪談。資料蒐集的方式是以「深度訪談法」為主，以「次級資料」的編列為輔。深入訪談對象以滾雪球的方式獲取。　　　研究結果顯示，由於保守觀念改變與社會風氣逐漸開放，再加上愈來愈多歐美系列的彩妝品牌進入台灣駐櫃，增加了男性的就業機會，也使得男性進入彩妝領域的人數會愈來愈多。因男彩妝師是近幾年的現象，所以它對整個彩妝職場的生態並未造成顯著影響，而目前也沒有跡象顯示男性的加入提昇職業聲望或是促成職業升值。不過男彩妝師的增加仍對彩妝領域造成兩個影響，是「去女性化」：反轉人們對職業性別標籤化的想法；另一個是「良性競爭」：與女性有相互刺激的作用。　　　另外男性選擇從事彩妝工作主要原因有三個，第一、興趣：這是吸引男性進入彩妝職場最主要的原因；第二、個人特質：本身個人具有職業要求類似的特質；第三、結構性因素：產業、就業結構與社會舊有觀念改變促使男性進入傳統女性的職場。實際進入彩妝領域後，雖然男性不管是工作內容、升遷管道與薪資並沒有因為性別而擁有較優渥的條件，但是性別卻使他們具有高能見度，成為消費者注目的焦點。整體來看，顧客對男彩妝師的接受程度頗高，不過有地域與年齡的差別。同時研究也發現，男彩妝師的聚客效果比較好，甚至出現追隨者，這是一般在女性身上看不到的情形。不過男彩妝師也會碰到一些難堪、尷尬的局面，消費者不習慣男性為她服務，而發生斷然拒絕或者掉頭就走的情形。雖然性別為男彩妝師帶來一些優勢與困境，但由於「對工作的滿意」與「成就感」兩因素使他們願意持續投入彩妝職場。整體來看，彩妝領域中結構性因素、職業成就的作用力並沒有想像中大，主要是受個人特質的影響。　　Due to inherence of sex and cultural construction of gender. Men and women usually voluntarily or compulsorily choose jobs embedded to gender-stereotype. Those choices has not only enforced the gender-stereotype in labor force market but also created occupational segregation. Nowadays, there are more and more people participating jobs against gender-stereotype: not only for women’s selection on men’s job, inverse trend also sparkled in recent years. In the past, most related studies focused on female workers’ experiences of entering men’s work.　　　This thesis discusses the contrary path: men goes into women’s work. A case study of cosmetician is presented. Three questions are answered by this thesis: (1) How male cosmeticians influence the content of the job? (2) Would the entrance of male cosmeticians create more hierarchic positions and occupy the higher position? (3) What are the challenges and adaptive strategies for male cosmeticians?　　　　This issue discuses former topics by qualitative research method. And we try to understand the options that males、females、corporations and customers have. We mainly use “in-deep interview” and use “second data” as the collection method.　　　The Result shows that the change of the conservative notion and the enlightenment of the community. Furthermore there are more and more styles of cosmetics came from Europe and America. That not only increases the working opportunities for males but also makes more males entering the cosmetic occupation. Because male cosmeticians just emerge these years, it doesn’t cause notable effects on the cosmetic ecological field. And there are no signs show that males entering the cosmetic occupation can raise the occupational prestige or make occupation revaluation. But this phenomenon still causes two effects. One is de-femininity. That reverses the idea of occupational sex labeling; another is good competition. That offers the stimulations to females.　　　Besides, there are three motivations for males to devote themselves to the job. First, interest–the main reason male cosmeticians entry the work. Second, personal characteristic–which the condition they wants. Last but not least, the change of occupational structure and older social opinions. After entering the cosmetics occupation, males don’t get better treatment not only on their job content but wage. But, the gender makes them catch customers’ attention easily. Entirely, customers accept the male cosmeticians easily but it differences by area or age. At the same time, we saw the male cosmeticians have followers. This differs from female. There still are some embarrassing situations. For instance, female feels embarrass because of their service. Although the gender brings some advantages or shortcomings, they still work on it by “job satisfaction” and “fulfillment”. Totally, effects of structural factors and occupational achievements on the cosmetic occupation aren’t very large; the personal characteristic is the main factor.
顯示於類別:	[應用社會學系(社會工作與社會設計碩士班,教育社會學碩士班)] 博碩士論文-社會學碩士班(停招)

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