| 摘要: | 由於時代變遷，加上社會與經濟環境的發展，西方人權思潮的衝擊，國內身心障礙者的「工作權」逐漸受到重視，身心障礙者職業重建（vocational rehabilitation）的理念，強調有系統的個別化服務，依據每位身心障礙者的身心狀況進行個別化職業評量，提供個別化職業重建計畫，協助身心障礙者成為社會具有生產力與經濟效益的一份子，並提昇身心障礙者的經濟收入與生活品質。 目前台灣職業重建的執行，是由政府以專案補助或專案委託民間非營利組織執行，公部門提供整體規劃、協調與諮詢的功能；依目前的政策規劃，公部門與非營利組織是否達到提供身心障礙者連續性、完整性與切合需求的服務，或只是造成資源浪費、形式化、不符合實際需求的困境？在國內職業重建專業仍在醞釀發展的階段，非營利組織應該在此領域提供哪些服務、提出的計畫是否切合障礙者實際需要或是流於補助政策的迷失、專案執行是否符合專業標準，都是本篇論文研究的課題。 本研究的目的在嘗試透過現行政府部門將身心障礙者職業重建措施委託補助民間機構執行的架構，從政策、預算、法令與執行狀況來檢視政策執行成果，並藉由非營利組織補足政府失靈的正當性地位，以及非營利組織在身心障礙者職業重建措施的執行狀況、成效與困境來探析非營利組織所扮演的職能；研究目的有三： (一)釐清我國各級行政體系中，政府對身心障礙者職業重建制度的政策執行狀況，在既有法令規章的規範下，行政機關如何協調、整合現有資源，政府在預算編列及使用上是否切合實際需求，中央主管機關與地方行政機關在溝通、協調、整合、仲裁的機制裡，「政府」扮演之角色與功能。(二)在身心障礙者職業重建範疇中，政府、企業與非營利組織間的互動領域與關係型態，三者間是透過何種機制進行互動，在身心障礙者就業中扮演何種角色，發揮哪些功能？在實際運作產生何種影響？(三)參酌典章制度完備的國家如美國、日本、西德等國的職業重建，從制度設計到實際執行成果，做為我國職業重建制度醞釀之借鏡，兼顧不同的國情背景、社經環境及政府結構考量下，制訂出最理想的身心障礙者職業重建制度。
Due to the transition of era, plus the environmental development of society and economy, and the impact of western thoughts on human rights, the “work rights” for domestic people with physical and mental disability have attracted more attentions. The concept of vocational rehabilitation for people with physical and mental disability stresses systematic and individual services. Based on the situation of people with physical and mental disability, it carries out individual vocational evaluation and provide individual vocational rehabilitation plan. The concept not only assists the people with physical and mental disability to be productive and economic efficient, but also provides them income and quality of life. In Taiwan, the current execution of vocational rehabilitation is subsidized by government or outsourced to Non-Profit Organizations. The public sector provides integral planning, coordination, and consultation. According to current policy planning, can public sector or NPOs can provide continued and integral and necessary service to people with physical and mental disability? or they just cause the waste of resources, stylization, and infeasible dilemma. The professionalism of domestic vocational rehabilitation development is still in the starting stage. The main issues of this paper are: the services provided by NPOs in this realm; whether or not the proposed plan satisfying handicapped people’s need, or just a lost in subsiding policy; and whether or not the execution of project conforming to the professional standard? The purpose of this study attempts to, through the framework of vocational rehabilitation executed by civilian institutions which subsidized and outsourced by government agencies, review the executing results of policy in terms of policy, budget, and executing situation. Also, through NPO complimenting the justice due to the failure of government, and the executing situation, results, and dilemma of vocational rehabilitation mechanism for the people with physical and mental disability, this paper will explore and analyze the functions played by NPOs. There are three research objectives: 1. Clarifying the executing situation of government policy for the vocational rehabilitation for the people with physical and mental disability in the administration level. Under existing norms of laws and regulations, how do administrating institutions coordinate, integrate current resources? Whether or not the budget used by government can satisfy the actual needs? What are the role and function played by central and local government in terms of the mechanisms of communication, coordination, integration, and arbitration?2. In the category of vocational rehabilitation for people with physical and mental disability, what type of mechanism should it take to react among government, business, and NPOs? What are the roles and functions? and What are the influences when they actually operate?3. Taking the vocational rehabilitation in the countries with complete system such as United States, Japan, and Germany as references, from the system design to actual result of execution, to be our examples in starting the vocational rehabilitation. Under the considerations of different national backgrounds, social environments, and government structures, the idealist system of vocational rehabilitation for people with physical and mental disability can be legislated. |
