| 摘要: | 台灣是一個多樣化的島國，多元化的民間組織也應運而生，其中包含財團法人或社團法人之屬性各式各樣的民間團體，研究者將從不同性質的民間團體中，在國內選定一個在推動急救訓練具成效且歷史悠久，並具備全面性及國際性的非政府組織，以其為研究對象，並選擇國外同質性的非政府組織作比較，研究者想藉由質化研究中的非結構性訪談、比較研究、內容分析法及文獻探討方式，以瞭解其成立背景、宗旨、任務及推廣急救訓練，供我國將其優點挹注為我國的助益，其缺點為參考借鏡。而研究動機與研究者工作相關，更是其生命的轉捩點，初期，遇到攸關生死而幸運獲救，更驚覺活著真好，此為引發研究者以非政府組織推動急救訓練為研究主題。 隨著全球經濟的起飛，過度消耗地球資源的結果，溫室效應造成世界各地天災人禍接連不斷發生，而意外往往發生在不可預知的周遭，根據行政院衛生署的每年死亡人數從1981年因意外事故死亡人數為11，616人到2005年的8，365人，死亡人數雖有明顯下降，但是，這期間因意外總死亡人數為178，078人，佔1981-2005年的十大死亡原因12.48%，總排名數的第四位；因為，事故傷害每年奪走無數生命，造成無法挽回的遺憾，期望有所警惕，意外是可以透過教育與訓練來避免意外傷害發生，在意外發生時能有自救救人的知識及能力，而安全教育是預防事故傷害及減少傷亡的第一線，那麼急救訓練就是第二道防線，兩者相輔相成，是缺一不可，因此，研究者以較熟悉之急救訓練為主，期望藉由不斷推廣使人人具備相關技術與知識，確保一般民眾的自身健康與安全，此為研究目的主因。 研究者除了透過國內選定較具聲望之中華民國紅十字會為研究對象之外，國外選定亞洲地區以香港、歐洲以具歷史的英國及美洲地區的美國，介紹其成立背景、宗旨、任務及推廣各項訓練，以急救為主軸，其次是經費的來源與運用，並將研究結論中的研究發現與結論分別以國內與國外的非政府組織做研究結論，在國內方面：紅十字會的事業推展，除了經費之外，更需要大量人力的投入，專職人員與志工的協力合作將主宰決定性的因素，籌募經費與業務推展是否順利，社會大眾對紅十字會的認知將是關鍵，加強宣傳服務理念，取得社會的認同，已成為紅十字會的主要工作；在國外方面：國外的非政府組織，非常的重視財務資訊的公開，無論是台灣、香港、英國與美國的紅十字會及香港聖約翰救護機構，都相當重視財務的用途，並且鉅細靡遺將損益表及資產負債表發佈，值得供其他非營利性質的組織仿效；而急救訓練的成效及財務透明化，台灣與香港的非政府組織是相當重視，而英國與美國較為重視財報，不同的是，政府的政策與支持，將是決定其非政府組織的發展。
Taiwan is a diversified island country, in which a variety of folk organizations arise, and a juridical corporate or social group persons are included. This study focuses on a non-governmental-based organization of first-aid training, which has a long tradition and famous here in Taiwan, and makes a comparison with its counterparts abroad. This is a qualified study based on non-structured interview, comparative study, content analysis and research of documents as its methodology. The purpose of research aims at the study of its background, goal, tasks and first-aid training, with the hope of helping the promotion of its related first-aid training affairs nationwide. With the uprising of the global economy, we have consumed up most part of global resources, and with the over-exploitation so many unpredictable results were brought about, such as green effect, and many other unintentional injuries. According to Department of Health , Executive Yuan, while the consensus of annual causalities has decreased from 11,616 to 8,365 during the last two decades, from 1981 to 2005, which accounts for 12.48% of total sum of death (178,078 persons), and ranks the fourth one in the most common death, yet it is a pity that we have had so many causalities caused by lack of safety knowledge and negligence of the first-aid training education. Therefore, before ensuring the health and safety of common people, we should help to teach them to be familiar with the skills and knowledge of first-aid training. This is also another purpose of the research. As to the subject of the study, the Red Cross First-aid Association of R.O.C. was chosen as the domestic part, and Hong Kong, Asia, England, Europe, and US, America as its counterparts abroad. The research aims at the study of its history of the organization, goal, tasks and first-aid training programs; among them the first-aid training is the main concern, and the distribution and financial management is also included, and what is learned from the research will be applied to the promotion of first-aid training here in Taiwan. What hints：besides enough financial support, the enough man-power, such as professional personnel, and the cooperation of volunteer workers are required and indispensable factors for the successful promotion of first-aid enterprise of Red Cross Association. In addition, public concern about the promotion of first-aid training is also one of the main tasks; lastly, the publicity of financial management is another point, no matter where they are in Taiwan, Hong Kong, or America. They will publicize their income statements and balance sheets in details, which can be used as a mirror for the management of domestic non-organizations; to sum up, the managerial improvement of the effectiveness of first-aid training and publicity of finance are emphasized in Taiwan and Hong Kong, and the statement of profit and loss is also paid more attention in England and America. What’s different depends on the degree of support and policy of government about the development of non-governmental of organizations. |
