| 摘要: | 近年來銀髮族成為國內旅遊市場的潛在族群，參與休閒遊憩活動的意願在政府相關政策的推動下有了明顯的成長，加上國人休閒旅遊觀念的提升，使得銀髮族遊憩市場蓬勃發展。本研究利用行政院交通部觀光局 2001 年至 2013 年之「國人旅遊狀況調查」問卷資料，以台灣 60 歲以上之民眾為研究對象，分析台灣銀髮族參與遊憩活動之意願和趨勢變化。為了解決參與遊憩活動選擇分析可能帶來的樣本選擇性偏誤問題，本文以 Heckman 所提出之兩階段估計法進行估計。第一階段，探討銀髮族個人背景變項與影響是否旅遊的關係。第二階段，控制影響遊憩活動選擇的變數，並加入樣本選擇性偏誤修正項，以探討變數如何影響遊憩活動之選擇。 第一階段是否參與旅遊結果顯示，教育程度較高、月所得較高、已婚女性、居住地為都會區的 60 歲以上銀髮族，從事旅遊的機率較高。第二階段遊憩活動選擇的結果顯示：（一）教育程度越高的銀髮族較常參與「森林步道健行、露營、登山」、「參觀藝文展覽、活動展覽」、「泡溫泉、做 spa」等遊憩活動。（二）所得越高的銀髮族較常參與「森林步道健行、露營、登山」此遊憩活動。（三）相較於女性銀髮族，男性銀髮族參與「觀賞海岸地質景觀、溼地生態、田園風光、溪流瀑布等」、「森林步道健行、露營、登山」等遊憩活動機率較高。（四）相較於已婚的銀髮族，未婚、喪偶的銀髮族參與「宗教活動」的遊憩活動機率較高。（五）相較於「退休或學生」組的銀髮族，未就業、待業中的銀髮族選擇「觀賞海岸地質景觀、溼地生態、田園風光、溪流瀑布等」的機率較高。（六）相較於居住在中南部離島非都會區的銀髮族，居住在都會區和北部都會區的銀髮族參與「農場農村旅遊體驗、觀光果（茶）園參觀、採摘品嚐」、「品嚐當地特產、特色美食」、「泡溫泉、做 spa」的機率較高。（七）由時間趨勢來看，銀髮族在參與「森林步道健行、露營、登山」、「宗教活動」這兩項遊憩活動的機率有逐年升高的趨勢。本研究建議政府應與民間老人社福團體合作，規劃更多適合銀髮族參與的遊憩活動，鼓勵銀髮族走向戶外，以提升銀髮族的生活品質。
Recently, the elderly have become the potential groups of tourism market in Taiwan. With the promotion of the government relevant policies, their needs for participating in leisure activities grow obviously. Besides, as the rise of the concepts of leisure traveling, the elderly are more willing to engage in leisure activities. The leisure traveling market is full of vitality. This research is based on the data of the questionnaires of Travel by R.O.C. Citizens of Taiwan Tourism Bureau ranging from the period of 2001 to 2013 and the study object is focused on people over 60 years old. The purpose is to analyze the willingness and trend changes of engaging in leisure activities for the elderly in Taiwan. To correct the selection bias in binary choice model, Heckman two-stage estimation is adopted. At stage one, the probit model is used to discuss what factors determine whether the elderly engage in traveling. At stage two, we discuss variables influencing the choice of leisure activities. The estimation results from stage one show that the married female elderly with higher education, higher income, and living in the metropolitan areas are more likely to engage in traveling. The results of choices of leisure activities from stage two are presented below. (1) The elderly with higher education are more likely to participate in leisure activities like“hiking on the forest path, camping, mountain-climbing”,“visiting art exhibitions”, and“going to a hot spring, doing spa”. (2) The elderly with higher income are more likely to participate in leisure activities like“hiking on the forest path, camping, mountain-climbing”. (3) Compared with female elderly, the male elderly are more likely to participate in leisure activities like“watching coastal geological landscapes, wetland ecology, rural landscapes, rivers and waterfalls”and“hiking on the path in the forest, camping, mountain-climbing”. (4) Compared with married elderly, the elderly who are unmarried or lose their spouse are more likely to participate in leisure activities like“religious activities”. (5) The unemployed elderly are more likely to participate in leisure activities like“watching coastal geological landscapes, wetland ecology, rural landscapes, rivers and waterfalls”. (6) The elderly who live in the metropolitan and northern metropolitan areas are more likely to participate in leisure activities like“experiencing farm travel, visiting sightseeing orchard or tea garden, picking and tasting fruits”, and“tasting local specialties and special delicacies”, and“going to a hot spring, doing spa”. (7) According to the time trend, the elderly are inclined to participate in leisure activities like“watching coastal geological landscapes, wetland ecology, rural landscapes, rivers and waterfalls”and“religious activities”as the time goes by. In conclusion, we recommend the government should cooperate with the elderly welfare groups and plan more suitable leisure activities for the elderly. Moreover, encourage the elderly to go out and embrace the nature to elevate their living quality. |
