| 摘要: | 背景：現今每人每天平均有80%–90%的時間生活在家裡、交通工具、及公共場所等室內環境中活動。世界衛生組織委員會於1984年發表指出，全世界普遍存在著室內空氣品質或室內環境的問題。室內空氣品質問題不只存在於辦公室大樓內，也存在於學校、醫院及長期照護中心。急診室工作人員、病患、看護及陪病家屬的人數多寡會影響室內空氣品質，尤其是呼吸產生的二氧化碳會累積於室內，若無妥善通風，則會造成室內空氣品質惡化。本研究目的在探討室內空氣品質之相關因子對醫療人員影響。 方法：本研究於急診室內之檢傷區、批價櫃檯、急診診間區、急診留觀區、急診待床區等，以TSI/美國製-7545型IAQ-CALC空氣品質監測儀進行室內二氧化碳、溫度、濕度之監測，並記錄當時之人數。研究分季節進行，於102年7月(夏季)、10月(秋季)、103年1月(冬季)及4月(春季)，這四個月分中隨意選取5天在檢傷區、批價櫃檯、急診診間區、急診留觀區、急診待床區等各區中進行環境物理測量，連續監測24小時，並同時針對急診室之醫護人員、護佐及書記填寫問卷。 結果：四季在各區域二氧化碳濃度變化與溫度及濕度有顯著關。而室內二氧化碳與室內溫度及濕度和室外溫度、濕度及二氧化碳有顯著相關。二氧化碳濃度於白班上班2小時後開始逐漸上升，達到高峰後於下午開始下降，其二氧化碳濃度與人員有相關。實測之室內溫度及濕度的舒適區與問卷之室內舒適度相符合，室內環境與病態症候群症狀有顯著相關。 結論：本研究結果顯示室內二氧化碳濃度會受室內人數、室內溫度及濕度與室外之溫度及濕度影響，而工作人員之病態建築物症候群症狀與室內環境感受是有相關。建議相關醫療單位能重視急診室工作場所之室內空氣品質的良窳，望能有助於其他未來之相關研究。
Background：In average, people stay in closed space such as houses, transportations and indoor public places around 80-90 percent every day. In 1984, World Health Organization reported that over 30 percent of new or refurnished buildings have issues regarding indoor air quality. Problems of air quality not only exist in office buildings, but also schools, hospitals and long-term care facilities. Numbers of emergency department staffs, patients, care takers and accompanied family would alter the quality of indoor air, especially carbon dioxide. The quality of indoor air will be suboptimal if carbon dioxide from exhalation accumulated in the poor ventilated spaces. The purpose of this study was aimed to evaluate the impacts of indoor air quality on health care staffs. Methods：This study used the IAQ-CALCTM indoor quality meter 7545 (TSI, USA) to evaluate carbon dioxide, temperature, moisture at triage area, the counter, the examination area, the observation area and the boarding area. Numbers of people at the specific areas were also recorded. The data were collected based on different seasons. We randomly pick 5 days in July 2013, October 2013, January 2014 and April 2014 to collect the data at above places for 24 hours. In the same time, healthcare providers, nursing assistants and clerks filled up questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, product-moment correlation, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results：Seasons revealed statistical significance in the analyses of product-moment correlation. Indoor carbon dioxide was associated with both indoor/outdoor temperature and moisture. The concentration of carbon dioxide increased gradually after two hours of day shift, reached the peak in the afternoon and then declined. The concentration of carbon dioxide was also associated with numbers of people. The detected comfort zone of indoor temperature and moisture was compatible with results of questionnaires. Indoor air conditions were significant associated with sick building syndrome. Conclusions：This study revealed that indoor carbon dioxide was associated with numbers of people and both indoor/outdoor temperature and moisture. The frequency of sick building syndrome was also associated with the conception of indoor conditions. Health care institutes should pay more emphasis on the indoor air quality in emergency departments. |
