| 摘要: | 台灣是個民族大熔爐，舉凡客家文化、原住民文化、閩南文化包括歌仔戲、布袋戲、說唱唸歌調、北管與南管、陣頭等，不同的文化有不同的表演形態與不同的傳統習俗，並且在台灣這塊土地上相互交織而產生不同的風貌。 北管音樂為台灣普遍流傳的樂種和劇種，它與休閒活動、民俗生活和宗教活動緊密結合，早期在館閣與廟宇中建立情誼，人們不分階層、年齡，藉由參與音樂活動擴大自己的社會接觸，而北管音樂獨特的表演形式與特殊唱腔，也在迎神賽會、婚喪喜慶或歌仔戲、布袋戲、陣頭等各類活動與表演形態中，扮演著主導與統合性的角色與作用。北管的生態性是多元的，它可表現在樂曲上，也可表現在戲劇上，是台灣傳統音樂與文化的重要基調。 雖然北管普遍流傳，但因為社會的變遷，導致北管在1960年代開始没落。目前社會大眾對於北管的接觸與了解，似乎有斷層的現象，而且隨著北管藝人年齡的逐漸老化，對於台灣傳統音樂的延續與發展，台灣民眾應該有必要深思此一問題，讓新生代有機會認識與接觸這項重要的文化資產。 本文將以彰化市阿夷里地區為範疇，針對「榮樂軒北管劇團」進行探析與論述，在深入分析北管音樂歷史背景及蒐集相關資料文獻後，進一步對「榮樂軒北管劇團」的音樂內容、場合應用及發展與變遷等不同面向，來探討每時期不同的特色與意義。期盼藉由這項研究，提供北管劇團未來運作與發展之參考。
Taiwan is an ethnic melting pot. Ranging from the culture of Hakka, Taiwanese aborigines to the South Fuchien including the Taiwanese Opera, Taiwan Glove Puppet, sprechgesang rap and tunes, Nankuan and Peikuan, and Chên T'ou, different cultures have various performing shapes and distinct traditional customs. They intertwine and result in the diverse style and features of Taiwan. Peikuan Music is a widespread kind of music and drama in Taiwan. It links up with the leisure activities, the folk life and the religious activities tightly. In the early days, people established the amity in the buildings and the temples and expand the social connection by joining the musical activities regardless the stratum and age. The unique performance and special vocal music of Peikuan Music plays the leading and integrative role and function in the idolatrous processions, the weddings and funerals, or all kinds of activities and performances such as the Taiwanese Opera, Taiwan Glove Puppet and Chên T'ou. The mode of Peikuan is multivariate. It can be performed by music and drama as well, and is the important keynote of the traditional music and culture of Taiwan. Although Peikuan was widespread, it started to fall in the time of 1960 due to the social changes. Presently, the mass society’s contacting and understanding of Peikuan seems to have a phenomenon of rupture. Along with the aging of the Peikuan musicians, people in Taiwan should do some hard thinking about lasting and developing the Taiwanese traditional music and offer the new generation the opportunities to understand and contact this important cultural heritage. This study explores, analyzes and discusses aimed at the “Rong-Le-Xuan Peikuan Opera Troupe” in the range of Ayi Village in Changhua City. After analyzing deeply the historical background of Peikuan music and collecting the relevant data and documents, it goes a step further to probe into the various characteristics and meanings of “Rong-Le-Xuan Peikuan Opera Troupe” in each particular period according to different facets such as the musical content, the occasional application, the development and changes. This study is expected to be the reference of the future operations and developments of the Peikuan Opera Troupe. |
