挪威畫家愛德華．孟克（Edvard Munch，1863-1944）與荷蘭畫家文生．梵谷（Vincent van Gogh，1853－1890）兩位皆為現代藝術之先驅。在思想層面，孟克深受齊克果（Søren Aabye Kierkegaard，1813-1855）、尼采（Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche，1844-1900）以及瑞典劇作家史特林堡（August Strindberg，1849-1912）的影響，而德國哲學家及精神病學家雅斯培（Karl Theodor Jaspers，1883－1969）以精神的角度分析史特林堡與梵谷，揭露出西方現代精神的危機。兩人的畫作皆營造出動態感，景觀或人物在畫面上的呈現亦屬變形，不追求擬真的兩人卻同樣的在追求「真實」（reality）。現代社會來臨，關係的改變造成了人們在精神上的騷動與陰鬱，無論是在物質層面或是意識型態上皆給予人們各種衝擊，於是不安的現代靈魂積極地在創作中尋求的「真實」是非理性的、非科學的、非教條的、個人的、內在的及精神上的「真實」。本研究以現代社會的變遷為主軸貫穿孟克與梵谷的私人經歷、作品與藝術理念，由此分析世紀末現代社會的焦慮在孟克與梵谷畫作上的表現，以歷史文獻研究法、藝術社會學及風格分析研究法進行分析，希望可藉此研究，反思現代性社會下關係的變動。 Norwegian painter Edvard Munch and the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh both are pioneers of Modern art. On the ideological level, Edvard Munch was influenced by Søren Aabye Kierkegaard, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche and Swedish playwright August Strindberg. German philosopher and psychiatrist Karl Theodor Jaspers also pointed out that Strindberg and van Gogh² revealed the spirit of modern Western crisis by psychoanalysis. Their art works create feeling of movement. No matter landscape or person present distortion on their art work. They don’t pursuit of verisimilitude, but pursuit of reality. In modern society, something changes people’s spirit. Therefore, anxiety modern soul is eager for reality, which is irrational, non-scientific, non-dogmatic, personal, inner and spiritual. This research discusses on Van Gogh and Munch through their personal experience, philosophy and art works when modern society was changing, and analyzes the anxiety of Fin de siècle on Munch and Van Gogh’s paintings performance by historical research, sociology of art and style analysis. Hope to take this study to reflect on the changes in modern society relations.
