| 摘要: | 背景及目的：中國與印度皆有著淵遠流長的歷史而成為文明古國，千餘年來發展出非常完備的醫學體系且至今仍沿用著，其不僅只是一門科學，更代表著一種健康的生活方式，兩種醫學體系皆以人為本，並在診治上有著非常多的相似之處。而自古至今，一個國家的興盛與發展取決於婦女及兒童的健康，女性因為有經、帶、胎、產的生理過程，並隨著年齡變化也引發出許多特殊的疾病。本論文透過中醫及印度阿育吠陀兩種傳統醫學對婦科疾病的認知、預防、治療，來了解這兩種醫學對於婦科的基本知識、診斷技術及治療方法。期盼將來能將這兩種博大精深的傳統醫學理論相互應用於婦女健康的預防與促進。 材料及方法：本研究整理中印醫學相關文獻資料，並另以近代阿育吠陀對於婦科的診斷及治療等相關期刊論文作為參考。中醫婦科疾病診斷英文名稱參考林昭庚教授主編之中西醫病名對照大辭典，再與阿育吠陀醫學診斷的英文翻譯相互參照。最後將所有資料再加以整理並進一步分析論述。 結果與討論：中印醫學有非常多的相似之處，卻各有其特色。兩者皆是以天人合一的觀點將患者以全人來看待，中醫有陰陽五行，而印度阿育吠陀醫學有五大元素；兩者在診斷上皆以望、聞、問、切四診合參的方式來作疾病診治的判斷，而印度阿育吠陀醫學在患者的個性、夢境、情緒等內在的心理層面有較多的論述；在尋找疾病的病因病機上兩者皆要求審證求因。印度阿育吠陀醫學對於婦科疾病的診治，是以患者的內風(vāta)、膽汁(pitta)、黏液(kapha)三種體素在體內失衡的狀態來做判斷及治療的依歸，而中醫有八綱、臟腑、氣血、經絡辨證等並結合女性經、帶、胎、產、乳的生理、病機特點，較為詳盡。在治療上兩者皆以草藥為主，但中醫歷代婦科的專著眾多，有明確的用藥指導，而印度阿育吠陀醫學對於草藥的應用有著較多的變化，像是使用藥油按摩、灌腸、沐浴、薰蒸發汗等是中醫治療比較少見的；此外，兩者對於未病先防的養生觀是同樣重視的。 結論：本論文以中醫及印度阿育吠陀醫學兩種傳統醫學系統對於婦科的診斷治療進行探討，對照現代醫學解剖生理病理的解釋，歸納出二者於診斷及用藥上之特色。傳統醫學博大精深，實乃人類文明的瑰寶，期盼之後有更多的研究及著作能夠更進一步的探討，讓這些「活的傳統醫學」有更好的發展及應用。
Background and Purpose: Both China and India have thousands of years history and widsome from great ancient civilizations. With the passage of time, these two medical systems are more improved and still in practice today. What these two medical systems are not just a subject of science, but also the healthy life style. From ancient times to the present, it is saying that the prosperity of a country depends on the healthy women and children. During the process of menstruation, leucorrhea, pregnancy and delivery of women, they might have suffer some other gynecological disorders as years go on. In this study on the theory of diagnosis and treatment of the gynecological disorders in TCM and Ayurvedic medicine, we can see how these two traditional medical systems prevent, make a diagnosis and give treatment in gynecological disorders. Materials and Methods: The thesis is majorly based on the Traditional Chinese and Indian Medicine references, with recent medical literature about the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological disorders in Ayurveda examined. In addition, the proper English terms of TCM disorders are based on “The bilingual dictionary of Chinese and western medicine disease” by Dr. Lin J. G (chief editor), a Chinese-English bilingual textbook, as well as the cross-reference from Ayurveda medicine disease. Results and Discussion: The Yin, Yang and five elements theory of TCM and five elements (bhutas) of Ayurveda, their thoughts are both generated from the philosophy of harmony. During the practice of these two medicine systems, they both use four ways of diagnosis - look, listen, question and feel the pulse, however Ayurveda medical system is more concerned about the psychological, personality, dreamland and mood. When it comes to the etiology and pathogenesis, they both determinate the etiologic factors based on examination of sydromes and the search of rooth causes. The diagnosis and treatment of the gynecological disorders of Ayurveda uses three aspects from “Tridoṣa” to evaluate the imbalance of human body, hence providing the treatment according to the condition. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of TCM are more sophisticated as it contains many theories such as eight principles, Zang-Fu, Qi-Blood, Meridian differentiation of TCM, combined with the physiological property of woman (menstruation, leucorrhea, pregnancy and delivery). In addition, both TCM and Ayurveda mainly focus on herb medication treatment, TCM shares many monographs about Gynecology with clear instruction of prescriptions, where the application of Ayurveda medicine are variable such as herb oil massage, enema, bath and diaphoresis methods which are rare in TCM. In summary, The fundamental philosophy of health preservation in TCM and Ayurvedic medicine are both “prevention is better than cure ”. Conclusions: The thesis is an exploratory study on the diagnosis and treatment of the gynecological disorders in TCM and Ayurvedic medicine. Comparing with the explanation in physiological and pathological of modern medicine, then summarized the characteristics of diagnosis and treatment in TCM and Ayurvedic medicine. These two medical systems are both generated from great ancient civilizations, looking forward to have more researches and books for the further discussion. With the further practical study of these two living traditional medicines, the better future and development will be applied. |
