〈賢良對策〉為董仲舒對漢武帝所發的試卷作答的答卷，其內容還蘊含一完整的思想系統，其思想系統主要由以下四個理論組成，即宇宙論、人性論、君主政治論與天人感應論。宇宙論乃其他三個理論的理論基礎，人性論亦為君主政治論提供理論依據，君主政治論則是天人感應論的前提理論。從理論架構來看，天人感應論為位於其他理論之上的主幹理論，不過，〈對策〉特別強調「任德教而不任刑」的為政準則便是天人相感的關鍵，故就理論關懷而言，君主政治論即為〈對策〉思想系統的重心。董仲舒為了推動道德、文化秩序的建立，在瀰漫天人相應與感應之思潮的環境中，將儒家政治和文化主張與天人相應和感應思想結合起來，而建構出一相當完整的思想系統。 The ＂Xianliang Duice＂ is Dong Zhongshu's reply to the questions by Emperor Wu of Han on his imperial examination. Dong's reply contains a well-organized system of thought composed of four theories: cosmology, the theory of human nature, the theory of monarchy and the theory of interactions between Heaven and mankind. Cosmology is a theoretical basis of other three theories, the theory of human nature is a rationale of the theory of monarchy, and the theory of monarchy is a theoretical premise of the theory of interactions between Heaven and mankind. This theoretical structure shows that the theory of interactions between Heaven and mankind is the main theory based on other theories, however, ＂Duice＂ particularly emphasize a political norm ＂governing by edification not by penalty＂ as a key point of interactions between Heaven and mankind. So judging from Dong's consideration on his theory construction, the theory of monarchy is the core of the system of thought of ＂Duice＂. The thought of the correspondence and the interactions between Heaven and mankind spread in the early period of the Western Han, under this environment, Dong Zhongshu combined Confucian political and cultural assertions with those thoughts, and constructed his well-organized system of thought to promote the achievement of morality-based and culture-based order.
