卡巴金正念減壓與馬哈希內觀禪修之比較研究

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Title:	卡巴金正念減壓與馬哈希內觀禪修之比較研究
Other Titles:	A Comparative Study Between Kabat-Zinn MBSR and Mahāsi Vipassanā Meditation
Authors:	鄧麗玲 TENG, LI-LIN
Contributors:	生死學系碩士班蔡昌雄 TSAI, CHANG-HSIUNG
Keywords:	正念;卡巴金;正念減壓;內觀;馬哈希禪師 Mindfulness;Kabat-Zinn;MBSR;Vipassanā;Mahāsi
Date:	2017
Issue Date:	2018-12-18 17:04:50 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	卡巴金1979創立的正念減壓（MBSR），因良好成效，如今已風靡全球，應用於社會各層面。卡巴金承認正念減壓受上座部佛教、禪宗和某些瑜伽流派的影響，而且其實際操作方面，如注重當下、不批判的覺察、行禪、呼吸時注意腹部的感覺等，與馬哈希禪師的內觀禪修十分類似。此外，卡巴金否認正念減壓只是一種認知的行為技巧，需內在轉化方能真正療癒的主張，也可見馬哈希禪師之內觀禪修的影響痕跡。卡巴金甚至主張，有意教導正念減壓的人，應該要參加幾次傳統的禪修閉關。因此，正念減壓的練習顯然承襲自佛教的內觀修習傳統。　　然而，卡巴金的正念系統與馬哈希禪師的內觀禪修之間，亦存在著顯著的差異。例如，馬哈希禪師內觀的主要目的是親證「苦」、「無常」、「無我」，最後以解脫涅槃為終極目標，而正念減壓卻「去宗教化」，認為「正念」是普世之法，並非只專屬佛教徒，極力撇清與宗教的關聯，並認為在練習正念的當下即是，即是無為，並已達成無目的的目的，即「無處去、無事做、無所得。」　　據此，卡巴金所建立的正念減壓系統，也就與馬哈希禪師的內觀禪修系統之間，存在著從基調到內涵的不同之處。本論文欲釐清這兩大系統之間的聯繫與差異之處，有助於還原正念減壓在當代社會的真實內涵。　　The MBSR, founded by Jon Kabat-Zinn 1979, is now popular all over the world and used at all levels of society for its good results. Kabat-Zinn admitsthat MBSR is influenced by Theravada Buddhism, Zen and certain yoga genre, and its practical aspects are very similar to Mahāsi Vipassanā mediation, such as focusing on the moment, not critical awareness, walk meditation, breathing to pay attention to the feeling of the abdomen. In addition, Kabat-zinn denies that MBSR is not only a cognitive behavioral skill, which requires the inner transformation to truly healing, as well as the influence of Mahāsi Vipassanāmediation. Kabat-Zinn even advocated that people who want to teach MBSR should attend several classes for the traditional meditation. Therefore, the practice of MBSR obviously inherited from the traditional practice of Buddhist vipassanāmeditation.　　However, there are also significant differences between Kabat-Zinn's mindfulness system and Mahāsi Vipassanāmeditation. For example, the main purpose of Mahāsi Vipassanā meditation is to personally experience the ＂dukkha,＂＂anicca,＂ and ＂anatta.＂ and finally Nirvana as the ultimate goal. However, MBSR is secularized, and consider that ＂mindfulness＂ is the universal law, not only exclusively Buddhist, striving to eliminate the relationship with religion. Kabat-zinn believes that in the moment of practicing mindfulness, it is non-doing and has reached a purpose without any purpose, that is, ＂there is nowhere to go, nothing is done and nothing is gained.＂　　Therefore, the MBSR system established by Kabat-zinn is different from the fundamentals and the connotation of the Mahāsi Vipassanā mediation system. This paper intends to clarify the relationship and difference between these two systems, which helps to restore the real meaning of MBSR in contemporary society.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Life-and-Death Studies] Disserations and Theses(M. A. Program in Life-and-Death Studies)

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