從陰陽五行論漢代占星術之變遷

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Title:	從陰陽五行論漢代占星術之變遷
Other Titles:	On the Changes of Astrology in Han Dynasty from the Yin-Yang Five Elements
Authors:	簡稑耘 CHIEN, LU-YUN
Contributors:	宗教學研究所謝金汎 HSIEH, JIN-FAN
Keywords:	陰陽五行;天人感應;占星術;天官書;分野理論 Yin-Yang Five elements;Heaven and Human Relationship;Astrology;《Historical Records．Heavenly book》;Separationtheory
Date:	2018
Issue Date:	2018-12-20 15:20:45 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	在博大豐富悠久又連續的中華文化之中，普遍價值便是追求多樣性的和諧。「和」所被賦予和諧的意義，在文明早期便開始發展。對一體和諧的追求，在古代的宇宙論中就已經表現出來。認為相同的事物單純重複或相加是無法生成，唯有不同事物的調和才是事物產生的根本，因此五行被視為是中華文化中五種最基本的元素，相互結合而成一切的事物，產生「和而不同」的概念。　　在追求「和而不同」的和諧文化過程中，中華文化在發展上特別注重天象運行與自然變化，觀察其與人之間相互影響、相互感通的關聯性，從西周發展「天人合一」的宇宙觀至漢代「天人感應」說達到高峰便知。融合陰陽五行的觀念成為根深蒂固的文化特徵，不但反映在政治、思想、社會及人文上，對於接續的唐宋文明也產生莫大的影響。　　在中國數千年歷史中，從司馬遷《史記．天官書》設立專篇講天文，之後歷代的正史都依此做範本為天象做記錄。中國的占星術已流傳數千年，及至現代仍有很多人相信占星術。根據筆者觀察，很多人對於占星術的內容或起源不甚明瞭，或認為是迷信之說。以中國古代文明發展來看，占星術和天文觀測是緊密不可分的，是一門融入中國人對「天」思想的天象學，絕非一般百姓雜以傳說就能形成的學說或數術。　　為什麼歷代王朝會如此注重天象變化的記錄呢？古代占星只是迷信之說嗎？其中所隱含的原理或思想又是什麼呢？占星術是中國人表達「和而不同」概念的應用之術之一，本論文試圖先從古代人的宇宙觀為出發點，探論人與自然對應關係中所發展出來的陰陽五行學說，其對占星學說思想的影響。再從文化發展與哲學思想的角度進行探討，以期說明占星學說的起源對社會、文化和宗教的影響。　　In the rich and long-lasting Chinese culture, the universal value is the pursuit of diversity of harmony. It began to develop in the early days of civilization, and the meaning given to harmony. In ancient cosmology, it has shown its quest for oneness and harmony. It is impossible to grow if the same thing is simply repeated or added. Only the reconciliation of different things is the root of the growth of things. Therefore, the five elements are regarded as the five most basic elements in Chinese culture and are combined into a concept of harmony. 　　Chinese culture pays special attention to the development of the sky and natural changes in its development. It is based on the concept of a harmonious and different culture to observe its mutual influence and reciprocity. We can learn from the development of the cosmology of Heaven and Human in the Western Zhou Dynasty and reach the peak of the induction in the Han Dynasty. From the perspective of politics, ideology, society, and humanities, the concept of merging the Yin-Yang Five elements can be seen as a deeply ingrained cultural feature. It also has a great influence on the succession of Tang and Song civilizations. 　　In the history of thousands of years of Chinese, we can write a monograph about astronomical set up from《Historical Records．Heavenly book》of Si Ma Qian. After that, the history of each dynasty has been used it as a model to record changes in the sky. Chinese astrology has been circulating for thousands of years, and many people still believe in astrology. Howere, they do not know much about the content or origin of astrology, or believe it is superstitious. From the perspective of the development of ancient Chinese civilization, astrology and astronomical observations are inextricably linked. It is an astronomical theory that integrates Chinese thoughts with the heavens. It is not definitely a theory or technique that can be formed by ordinary civilans. 　　Why did historical dynasties attach so much importance to the record of changes in the sky? Is ancient astrology just superstitious? What is the implied principle or idea? Astrology is one of the techniques used by Chinese to express the concept of ＂harmony and difference＂. This thesis first attempts to explore the Yin-Yang Five elements theory developed from the relationship between man and nature from the perspective of the ancient people's cosmology, and its influence on the astrological theory. Furthermore, it discusses form the perspective of cultural development and philosophical thinking, with a vies to explaining the influence of the origin of astrology on society, culture and religion.
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