| 摘要: | 台南境內會有釋教，乃是最初從嘉義傳入白河，而白河礙於地理位置的限制，以致在往昔交通不發達的狀況下，除了和鄰近的東山、後壁有所往來外，與現今台南市轄域內其他各個行政區的關係都不密切，但反而與距離不遠的嘉義縣山線各鄉鎮互動頻繁，並連結成一個共同生活圈，促使白河的風俗文化深受嘉義影響。嘉義縣山線向來是台灣釋教的重鎮，該區域的釋教壇與釋教法師為數眾多，釋教行內更將嘉義縣山線的釋教文化稱為「嘉義派」，故釋教從嘉義傳入白河一事，遂能視為強勢文化向外傳播的自然現象。目前台南市境內以釋教為當地喪葬拔渡法事主流的行政區及庄頭尚有：東山區、後壁區台一線以東(包含後壁里、侯伯里、嘉苳里、土溝里、上茄苳里)、六甲區王爺里、大丘里、柳營區旭山里山仔腳、新吉庄、楠西區照興里、密枝里、鹿田里鹿陶洋、南化區關山里，這些地區均與白河相鄰，所以地方民情深受其影響，並在長期融合下，不僅共同構築出獨樹一格的「釋教地」，更成為台南喪葬禮俗的一個特殊文化區。釋教法師和道教靈寶派道士，雖然各自構成「行業圈」來主導台南人的濟渡大事，可是當地卻以道教靈寶派為主流，釋教僅是一股散佈於邊陲地帶的小眾文化，且有日漸式微的現象產生，若不及時著手記錄史料並研究分析，恐怕日久之後，當地的釋教發展史將隨著老一輩的過世而難以完整呈現。是故，本研究遂以台南市的釋教壇及其喪葬拔渡法事為探析對象，配合上實地的田野調查採集，親自拜訪該市境內所有釋教壇，並針對各壇壇主與合作之釋教法師進行深度訪談，以瞭解釋教在台南市的歷史沿革、發展脈絡、區域分布，及各釋教壇的傳承現況、科儀安排，期望將有關台南市釋教的各個面向、議題通盤研究，讓這個在當地面臨傳承危機的常民文化能永留於世。
At present, the administrative districts and villages in Tainan where Buddhism is the mainstream of local funeralrituals are: Baihe District, Dongshan District, Houbi District, east of Taiyi Line (including Houbili, Houbury, Jiarunli, Tugouli, Shang Qilaili), Wangyeli of Liujia District, Daqiuli, Shanzijiao of Xushanli in Liuying District, Xinjizhuang, Zhaoxingli of Nanxi District, Mizhili, Lutianli Lutaoyang, and Guanshanli of Nanhua District. These areas are all similar to Baihe. Because of its neighbors, the local people's sentiments have been deeply influenced by it, and under the long-term integration, not only have they jointly built a unique "Buddhist Church," and has become a special cultural area for Tainan's funeral customs. Although the masters of Buddhism and the Taoist Lingbao sect each constituted an "industry circle" to dominate the Tainan people's economic activities, the local Taoist Lingbao sect is the mainstream. Buddhism is only a niche culture scattered in the border areas. In addition, there are fading phenomena. If you do not start to record historical data and research and analyze it in time, I am afraid that the development history of local Buddhism will be difficult to fully present with the death of the older generation. Therefore, this research uses the Buddhist altars in Tainan City and its funeral and pudu rituals as the object of analysis, and cooperates with field surveys on the field to personally visit all the Buddhist altars in the city, and target the masters of the altars and the cooperating Buddhist masters. Conducted in-depth interviews to explain the historical evolution, development and regional distribution of Buddhism in Tainan City, as well as the current status of the inheritance and ritual arrangements of Buddhism education in Tainan City. It is hoped that all aspects and issues of Buddhism Buddhism in Tainan City will be thoroughly studied, so that this will be local Ordinary people's culture facing the crisis of inheritance can survive forever. |
