Two Meanings of Courage: Truth Reveal and Social Order in Michel Foucault's Discourse and Truth and Parrēsia and in The Analects of Confucius

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題名:	Two Meanings of Courage: Truth Reveal and Social Order in Michel Foucault's Discourse and Truth and Parrēsia and in The Analects of Confucius
其他題名:	兩類勇氣的意義：傅科《言說、真相與說者》和《論語》中之真相揭露與社會秩序
作者:	Zhang, Verena Xiwen 張喜雯
貢獻者:	Department of Philosophy, Tunghai University
關鍵詞:	Foucault;Confucius;parrhesia;courage;truth;open element;human nature;subjectivity;Kantian approach;pragmatics;social order 傅科;孔子;說真話;勇氣;真相;開放成素;人性;主體性;康德主義;語用學;社會秩序
日期:	2020-07-01
上傳時間:	2021-05-31 16:29:50 (UTC+8)
出版者:	南華大學生死學系哲學與生命教育碩士班
摘要:	Before the initiation of our exploration on the comparison of the notion“courage” in Michel Foucault's Discourse and Truth and Parrēsia and The Analects of Confucius, some preliminary clarification should be made to focus on the purpose of this paper. After the demarcation of materials on Foucault's lectures and written publications, it gives an account on methodology – the comparative philosophical approach exploited here is mainly adopt from Sze-kwang Lao's suggestion on the methodological approach to the orientation on the reconstruction of traditional values in Chinese philosophical research. (Lao, 2012, 16-18) Firstly, Foucault started from the Greek term “parrhesia” (free speech), discussing its relation to parrhesiast (a speaker telling the truth). Secondly, it tries to find out some “open elements” for unlocking the dialogue between west and east cultures by comparing Foucault's concept of courage with Confucius's concept of courage. Thirdly, we may deeply explore Confucius's words in The Analects, especially focus on the modern interpretations such as Shude Cheng in his Lunyu Jishi. By exploration, we find out Cheng's interpretation and annotation to historical examples alert us Confucius' concept of courage is not just boldness, but it also should be accompanied by wisdom and other virtues. Before taking social-political action, people should not only consider the importance of freely revealing the truth, even not mentioned what kind of truth, in which framework and of which group, they should also consider the cause-effect sequence of events involving millions of people in multiple dimensions. In the concluding remarks, it reinterprets Confucian virtues from Kantian approach and pragmatic perspective and explicates the valuable meaning of Confucian moral principles and situational appraisals to contemporary social institution and social order. 在開始探討傅科《言說、真相與說者》與《論語》之比較前，首先進行前行澄清的工作。於劃分界清傅科的講辭與成書之後，本文進而採用比較哲學之進路進行全文探究，此進路主要改編自勞思光先生對於研究中國哲學以及重構傳統哲學價值之取向上的建議。首先，介紹傅科由希臘術語「派瑞希亞」（自由言說）開始，討論其特點與說真話者之間的關係。其次，本文試圖找出某些「開放成素」，藉由比較傅科與孔子談勇的概念，展開東西方之對話。接著，採用諸如程樹德等人對《論語》及其相關歷史事例進行之現代詮釋，說明勇氣還應配合其他德性才能發揮真正的價值意義。在採取社會、政治行動之前，人們應不只思考自由揭露真相之重要性，甚至於揭露真相時，人們不提及何樣的真相，於何種類型的框架中考慮並描繪真相，屬於哪一類行群體所認知的真相？人們亦應從不同層面的視域考慮攸關數百萬人民的因果效應。總結，從康德主義進路以及語用學角度重詮儒家式的道德原則及情勢裁奪對當代社會制度與社會秩序之價值意義。
關聯:	揭諦 39期
顯示於類別:	[本校期刊] 揭諦 [生死學系(生死學系碩士班,哲學與生命教育碩士班)] 揭諦

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