| 摘要: | 佛教是一種偉大的宗教，是在兩千六百多年前由悉達多在印度證道成佛而創立。佛教在印度的文化和文明發展中發揮了非常重要的作用。現今，佛教以一種宗教、哲學、意識型態的方式影響亞洲及世界各地，並型塑當地的文明與生活方式。佛教更對亞洲國家的藝術精神、建築、雕刻等領域帶來深遠的影響。作為一種宗教體系，佛教的影響力幾乎遍及所有亞洲人民的各個面向。 佛教起源於印度的菩提伽耶並迅速流傳，之後，印度各地的佛教中心大量發展出來，創造了許多的藝術品與手工藝品。這些知名的佛教中心包括：鹿野苑(Saranath)，山崎(Sanchi)，末兔羅(Mathura)，犍陀羅(Gandhara)，阿馬拉瓦蒂(Amaravati)，龍樹湖(Nagarjunakonda)，阿姜查(Ajanta)，亞蘿拉(Ellora)，菩提迦耶(Bodh-Gaya)，那爛陀(Nalanda)，超戒寺(Vikramasila)與拉特納山(Ratnagiri)，拉里特山(Lalitgiri)等地。現今，這些地方仍留下不少的佛教遺跡，象徵佛教的興衰，或者我們也可以從西元前十五世紀的印度奧里薩邦，來說明它如何成為佛教光榮遺產的一部分。本論文即在說明佛教在奧里薩邦的物質文明，其中包括為數眾多的遺址與古蹟等。
Buddhism is a great religion that was discovered more than two thousand six hundred year ago, in India by Siddhartha the Enlightened-the Buddha. It has performed a significantly very important role for the development of culture and civilization in India. Buddhism was spread over the whole of Asia and the rest of the world on a large scale, as a religion, philosophy, ideology and the way of life, molding a new culture and civilization and life style. A new creative and imaginative spirit in art, architecture, sculpture, literature and reality, the entire gamut of human endeavors in every country of Asia, in particular, was the most purposeful outcome of the influence of Buddhism as a religion. Buddhism was born in Bodh Gaya, rapidly spread out to other parts of the country in India. A whole new complete civilization sprung up, with flourishing centers of creative arts and crafts at Saranath, Sanchi, Mathura, Gandhara, Amaravati, Nagarjunakonda, Ajanta, Ellora, Bodh-Gaya Nalanda, Vikramasila and Ratnagiri, Lalitgiri are to mention a few. The Buddhist remains at many such places speak volumes about the contemporary society and the phases of its growth and decline. So also we can mark the growth and development from its inception down 15th century A.D in Odisha, which became as a part of our magnificent heritage. This dissertation intends to focus upon the Buddhist Heritage of Odisha, concentration on material remains such as monuments and archeological finds. |
