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| 題名: | 論《伊凡．伊里奇之死》的生死觀 |
| 其他題名: | A Study of the View of Life and Death of Tolsty's ＂Ivan Ilyitch's Death＂ |
| 作者: | 黃國峰
HUANG, GUO-FENG |
| 貢獻者: | 生死學系碩士班
李慧仁
LEE, HUI-JEN |
| 關鍵詞: | 托爾斯泰;伊凡．伊里奇之死;創造的詮釋學;生死觀;本真存在
Tolstoy;Ivan Ilyitch's death;Hermeneutics of creation;View of life and death;Authentic existence |
| 日期: | 2020 |
| 上傳時間: | 2022-05-09 14:42:18 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討俄國集小說家、哲學家、政治思想家於一身的托爾斯泰，透過《伊凡．伊里奇之死》對生命與死亡大事（生死觀）的獨特見解；研究方法以傅偉勳先生發展建構的實謂、意謂、蘊謂、當謂及創謂五層次的「創造的詮釋學」，進行分析與歸納出托爾斯泰在《伊凡．伊里奇之死》文本裡，傳達生死觀的思想。後世稱這部《伊凡．伊里奇之死》作品為「死亡文學的最顛峰」，托爾斯泰在《伊凡．伊里奇之死》這部小說裡，所設計的「主角」為一位平凡的法官，看似微不足道，卻在「主角」臨終前對人生所充滿之世俗、虛偽、死亡所帶來的心靈恐懼，描寫得震撼人心與發人深省。運用托爾斯泰的智慧，期望能帶給現代人在面對有關身心靈生死觀議題，在與自我的心靈對話及生死觀辯證上有所啟發。本研究對《伊凡．伊里奇之死》文本進行創造詮釋的分析後，發現托爾斯泰所著《伊凡．伊里奇之死》的生死觀包含：一、對死亡的恐懼以及對生命意義的困惑。二、托爾斯泰最後轉向宗教尋求對死亡的解惑。三、伊凡．伊里奇透過對死亡問題的思索，是透過「愛」來找回了自我，也找到了自我與世界的正確聯繫方式，並在最終在愛中實現了靈魂的昇華。四、生命的意義與價值不應從外來求。五、透過主角伊凡．伊里奇面對死亡的過程中，對於伊凡．伊里奇的過去生活的反思，及對「自我本真」意義的尋求，呈現了伊凡．伊里奇在面對死亡時的心路歷程。六、在不斷的探索中，伊凡．伊里奇看透了生死存在的真理，在伊凡．伊里奇告別生命的時候，領悟了人生的意義。七、探究死亡的尊嚴與生命的尊嚴。八、死亡對於人的真實存在（真實生活）有其根本性意義，人必須從這種死亡的覺悟去理解和展開自己的生活才能真正在其生活中維持自己的自在。九、一般人都是掩蓋「死亡」、忘卻「死亡」的活著。 綜上，伊凡．伊里奇在和「死亡」面對面的對話過程中，其自我意識則逐步覺醒，開始了對生活的思索以及對生命意義的追問；伊凡．伊里奇在參透了「向死存在」的實存狀態的真理之後，終於從「沉淪」中解脫出來；伊凡．伊里奇領悟了人生的意義在於「對他人之愛的終極關懷」，並在其中保持了伊凡．伊里奇生命的尊嚴，伊凡．伊里奇也藉此獲得精神的重生。透過《伊凡．伊里奇之死》書籍文本中所傳達的生死觀，期能時時提醒吾人：我們都正在「死著」，因此要好好地「活著」。
This study aims to understand Tolstoy, a Russian novelist, philosopher, and political thinker, and to explore and examine his perspectives on life and death by ＂The Death of Ivan Ilyitch,＂ which is a unique insight into the events of life and death. The research methods are based on “Creative Hermeneutics” developed and constructed by Weixun Fu, which are divided into the actual meaning, implication, and pretense in order to analyze and synthesize Tolstoy's philosophy of life and death conveyed in ＂The Death of Ivan Ilyitch.＂ Later generations regard ＂The Death of Ivan Ilyitch＂ as ＂The Peak of Death Literature.＂ In Ivan, Tolstoy created the ＂protagonist＂ as an ordinary judge who seems to be insignificant. However, before the death of the ＂protagonist,＂ he is filled with the worldly, hypocritical and death-related fear of life. The description was shocking and thought-provoking. Based on Tolstoy's wisdom, it is the hope to bring modern people with inspiration on facing the issues related to the concept of life and death, and having the dialogue with the soul and the dialectical view of life and death. This study utilized the text analysis to investigate the deep meaning of ＂The Death of Ivan Ilyich” in order to represent the perspects of lives on the death, in terms of interpreting the meaning of life and how to face the death. Researchers believe that Tolstoy's perspectives on life and death of ＂The Death of Ivan Ilyich” may be illustrated as the following: 1. Fear of death and confusion about the meaning of life. 2. Tolstoy finally turned to religion in search of an answer to death. 3. Through his thoughts on the issue of death, Illich found his self through ＂love＂, and found the correct way of connecting himself with the world, and finally realized the sublimation of the soul in love. 4. The meaning and value of life should not be sought from outside. 5. The process of Ivan Ilyich's facing death presented the reflection on his ife in the past, and the desire on the search for the meaning of ＂Self Authenticity＂6. Throughout the continuous exploration, Ivan Ilyich saw the truth of the existence of life and death, and eventually realized the meaning of life at the time to bid farewell to life. 7. Exploring the dignity of death and the dignity of life 8. Death has a fundamental meaning for a person's real existence (real life). One must understand and expand his life from his awareness of death in order to truly maintain his freedom in his life. 9. Most people conceal from ＂death＂ and forget the existence of ＂death.＂ To sum up, in the face-to-face dialogue with the ＂Death,＂ Ivan Ilyich gradually awakened his self-awareness and began to think about life and question the meaning of life. Ivan Ilyich was finally freed from the ＂dispirited＂ after seeing the truth of the existence state of ＂towards the death.＂ Ivan Ilyich realized that the meaning of life lies in ＂the ultimate care for the love of others＂, and maintained the dignity of life to obtain a spiritual rebirth in this. Through the concept of life and death conveyed in the text of the book ＂Death of Ivan Ilych,＂ we can frequently remind ourselves that we are all waiting for ＂death,＂ so we must ＂live＂ well. |
| 顯示於類別: | [生死學系(生死學系碩士班,哲學與生命教育碩士班)] 博碩士論文-生死學系碩士班
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