| 摘要: | 背景及目的：老年人功能性體適能隨著年齡增加而下降，大多數居住在社區內老年人現階段保有獨立生活能力，但是活動量太低，可能導致老年人的體適能逐漸退化，活動力下降、日常獨立生活功能降低。全身震動訓練（whole body vibration training，WBVT）運動是一種對簡單新型運動訓練方式，本研究想探討一週一次低震動強度(<1g)並同時輔以靜態蹲、動態蹲舉、下肢舉踵、阻力動作、上肢與下肢伸展動作等得訓練課程是否能改善社區老年人功能性體適能及生活品質及並瞭解其延續性效果。 材料及方法：本研究採立意分派二組平行前後測設計。受試對象為44位行動能力正常的老年人，立意分派為單一震動訓練組(WBVT)23位（年齡71.65±3.92歲）及震動伸展組(WBVS)21位（年齡70.85±4.5歲）。二組須進行每週一次，每次15分鐘，連續十二週的振動訓練。單一震動訓練組以站姿方式進行訓練，震動伸展組在震動訓練期間輔以靜態蹲、動態蹲舉、下肢舉踵、阻力動作、上肢與下肢伸展動作。介入前後測量社區老年人功能性體適能及SF-36v2健康生活品質量表，並於介入後第十六週進行老人年功能性體適能追蹤測量。統計採描述性統計分析、卡方檢定、獨立t檢定、配對t檢定、重複量數相依單因子變異數分析( Repeated measured ANOVA)、共變數分析(ANCOVA)。 結果：兩組介入後的整體功能性體適能表現，30 秒坐姿起立、握力、2分鐘原地踏步測驗、8英呎起身繞行測驗、單腳站立測驗等五個項目後測成績顯著訓練效果。四周後追測，30 秒坐姿起立、握力、2分鐘原地踏步測驗、8英呎起身繞行測驗、單腳站立測驗都有顯著延續性效果。此外WBVS組在30秒手臂彎舉測驗、椅子坐姿體前彎測驗後測成績也有顯著改善效果。對SF-36v2健康生活品質量表中社會功能改善的也有顯著助益。並且WBVS組在30秒坐姿起立、30秒手臂彎舉、握力、椅子坐姿體前彎、8英呎起身繞行、單腳站立等後測量改善優於WBVT組。在追蹤測量中評估下肢肌力「30坐姿起立」測量，WBVS組延續性效果優於WBVT組。 結論：本研究所實施二種「12週低頻率(頻率5.6-13 Hz)、低震幅(2mm)、配合低g值(0. 13-0.68g)」震動訓練課程，在功能性體適能有助於提升社區老年人下肢肌力、握力，增強心肺功能，改善靜態平衡與動態平衡，強化下肢柔軟度及促進生活品質中社會功能。若震動訓練同時輔以上下肢伸展、阻力負重(啞鈴)、抬膝平衡、提踵等動作在功能性體適能則改善效果更佳。建議將全身震動訓練納為促進社區老年人功能性體適能運動策略之一。
Backgroud and purpose: Studies have shown that the functional fitness for older adults declined with their age and most of the elderly living in the community could live independently but do not have enough exercise and physical activity, which may decline the functional fitness and lead to difficult moving, disability, and poor quality of life. Whole body vibration training is one of the simple and new type of training for sports. The purpose of this study is to explore the improving and continuity effects of whole-body vibration on functional fitness and quality of life of older adults in community by using low vibration intensity(lower than 1g) once a week, and by giving some training course of static balance and dynamic balance, calf raise, resistance action with dumbbell, upper & lower limbs stretching and so on at the same time. Materials and Methods: The method of this study was designed by purposive assignment of pretest-posttest for two groups. Forty-four old people(over 65 years)were recruited and allocated to either WBVT(23 people, 71.65±3.92 years) or WBVS(21 people, 70.85±4.5 years) which is WBVT with resistance exercise training, flexibility exercise, balance training. Training was continued for 15 mins each time, once per week for 12 weeks. Senior functional fitness and SF-36v2 health survey were taken before first week at baseline, and at 13 week. The Senior functional fitness was taken at 16 week. The methods of statistics were including descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Independent Sample t test, Paired Sample t test , Repeated measured ANOVA and Analysis of Covariance( ANCOVA). Results: After 12-week whole-body vibration, the results of functional fitness on 30-Second Chair Stand test, hand grip strength, 2-Minute Step test, 8-Foot up and go test, and One-leg Standing test were all significantly improved and continuity effects after 16 week of following-up testing on the WBVT and the WBVS. The results of WBVS group were greater than WBVT group in 30-second Chair Stand test , arm curl, hand grip strength, Chair Sit-and-Reach test , 8-foot stand up and go test and one-leg stand. In the meanwhile, the WBVS results of 16 week following-up testing of low limb muscle strength on 30-Second Chair Stand test were greater than WBVT in continuity effects. In addition, the results of functional fitness on 30-Second arm curl , Chair Sit-and-Reach test were also all significantly improved effects of posttest on WBVS. Furthermore, concerning the quality of life of the older adults in the pretest and posttest, the social function in SF-36v2 health survey was statistically significant. Conclusion: Our results suggest that WBVT and WBVS exercise may improve senior functional fitness and social function in elderly. During the vibration training with resistance exercise training, flexibility exercise, balance training(WBVS) , it is better to supplement the upper and lower limb stretching. It is recommended that the whole body vibration training is included as one of the strategies to enhance the functional fitness of the elderly for the elderly in the community. |
