| 摘要: | 本研究以《死前活一次》為文本，主要探討在幾間臨終關懷醫院參與病友日常生活作息，由貝雅特．拉蔻塔（Beate Lakotta）撰寫病患的傳記，並由華特.謝爾斯（Walter Schels）拍攝病友生活中的容貌，直到他們過世，拍攝他們的遺容，將病友生前照片與死後的遺照併列，形成一個臉譜序列。本研究以攝影敘事和影像的符碼與觀看分析來探究影像，用生命敘說法來研究生命傳記，藉此深入研究主體。如何透過臨終者的生命敘說及影像的呈現，帶給閱讀者人生的啟示，並從人生的終點站去反思自己生命的意義與價值。 透過影像的符碼，從照片中的知面和刺點可勾勒出每一位觀者生命中內在的喜怒哀樂、悲歡離合，從中去做心靈的自我整合，進而達到自我療癒，亦可平撫思念之情，及安撫生者。 透過文本的敘述，運用馬斯洛的人類基本需求理論來分析，臨終者的生命敘說分為愛與歸屬的人生、自尊的人生、自我實現的人生、超越自我的人生等四類，每個階段讓觀者有不同的感受，體現每一個人存在的價值與意義。 當我們從死亡出發觀察自己的存在，思考怎樣去創造有意義、有價值的人生。因此要身體力行、正面樂觀的思考、要有信仰、珍惜生命，在不留遺憾，懂得自己的獨特與眾不同，尊重別人的個別差異，從中創造自己的生命意義與價值。
The study takes the book Noch mal Leben vor dem Tod (in English, Life before Death) as the text. The book tells the stories patients' daily life, living in several hospice care hospitals. The biography of patients is written by Beate Lakotta, and the photos of patients are taken by the photographer, Walter Schels. The photos of patients were taken before they passed away. The photos, including the ones before their death as well as the portraits of the deceased are put side by side, showing a sequence of faces. The narrative photography, image codes and viewing analysis are used to analyse the images. Life narrative is used to conduct research on biography of life, exploring the research subject. The study is going to see how the life narrative of dying patients and their images can bring the inspirations to the readers about the life and make an introspection of the meaning and the values of our life in the end of life. From the studium and punctum of photos, it is possible to outline the delight, anger, sorrow, happiness, sadness, joy, separation and reunion via the codes of image. The spiritual self-integration can be realised to achieve self-healing, reduce emotions of missing and pacify the livings. Through the description of text, the Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is used for analysis. The dying patients' life narrative is divided into four phases: life of love and belonging, self-esteem, self-actualisation, and self-surpassing. Each phase gives viewers different feelings, showing each individual's existence value and meaning. When we observe our own existence from the perspective of death, thinking how to create meaningful and valuable life. Therefore, we have to take actions and think positively. We also need to have faith, cherish life, have no regrets, know our own uniqueness, respect each individual's differences and create our own life meaning and values. |
