| 摘要: | 水虻科昆蟲俗稱黑水虻學名：Hermetia illucens L.，中文學名：亮班扁角水虻，為一種台灣常見的雙翅目昆蟲，在世界各國大部分地區都有分布，熱帶、亞熱帶地區種類甚多。一些腐生性的水虻科（黑水虻），黑水虻幼蟲在自然界以動物糞便、腐爛的有機物為食，可以將食物高效地轉化為自身營養豐富的蛋白質和酯肪。其幼蟲常見於野外，能夠取食禽畜糞便和生活垃圾，同時也是過期食品、動物屍體、餐廚餘和農業廢棄等有機物很好的分解者。因此黑水虻既可以用來分解環境中的有機廢棄物，作為環境保護中的生化化學處理手段，又是很好的轉廢為寶的生物，近幾年來環境保護和生物化學等領域的研究者非常重視黑水虻幼蟲的培育及應用研究常見的黑水虻養殖。 黑水虻的幼蟲在取食過程中，還能對糞便中的有害病菌進行消化和分解，從而降低對環境的危害性，而且，黑水虻還能在養殖場周遭抑止果蠅茲生的作用，是防果蠅最佳利器。 自2013年聯合國糧食及農業組織FAO發布第171號林業檔報告，可食用昆蟲糧食和飼料安全的未來前景，力推資源昆蟲作為飼料的安全取代蛋白後，黑水虻的繁殖及應用開始備受矚目。 最常見的黑水虻養殖，最常見的食料為豆粕，因此本研究以豆粕加廚餘、豆粕加台灣鯛下腳料（註：台灣鯛取下的魚骨、魚肉、腸肚）、豆粕加廚餘加木屑三種食料，經發酵處理後餵食，以本試驗的計算法，採傳統堆肥法飼養，不同飼料不同光源飼養黑水虻的差異，從孵卵到幼蟲的成長過程，分三組不同光源，並分三組進行試驗。 試驗結果；植物燈在光照的强度能滿足黑水虻成長及交配的需求，在這種光源下，成蟲的交配量能達到85對以上。這表示紫紅色植物燈的光源能對黑水虻成蟲產生刺激作用，太陽光的照射對黑水虻交配行為中有非常重要的作用，而植物燈在光的强度或者在光的質量上能滿足黑水虻交配對光照的需求，在冬季或陰雨天時，能夠部分替代太陽光。 在諸多黑水虻研究基礎上，結合產業界多年來的經驗，作為本研究的試驗參數。期望以本論文提供即將入門或已營運之養殖業者更多資訊，精確進行成本效益評估，提升國內黑水虻的規模生產與應用層面。
Insects of the water fly family are commonly known as black water fly. Scientific name: Hermetia illucens L., Chinese name: Liangban horned water fly. It is a common diptera insect in Taiwan. It is distributed in most parts of the world, tropical and subtropical regions. There are many kinds. Some saprophytic water flies (black water flies), black water flies larvae in nature feed on animal excrement and decaying organic matter, which can efficiently convert food into its own nutrient-rich protein and fat. Its larvae are commonly found in the wild, and they can eat livestock and domestic waste. They are also good decomposers of expired food, animal carcasses, food waste, and agricultural waste. Therefore, the black water fly can be used to decompose the organic waste in the environment, as a biochemical chemical treatment method in environmental protection, and is also a good organism that turns waste into treasure. In recent years, research in the fields of environmental protection and biochemistry The author attaches great importance to the cultivation and application of black water fly larvae. The larvae of the black water fly can digest and decompose the harmful bacteria in the feces during the feeding process, thereby reducing the harm to the environment, and the black water fly can also suppress the growth of fruit flies around the farm , Is the best weapon against fruit flies. Since the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations issued a report on forestry file No. 171 in 2013, the future prospects for the safety of edible insects in food and feed, and the promotion of resource insects as a safe substitute for protein, the breeding and application of black fly Attention. The most common black water fly farming, the most common food is soybean meal, so this study used soybean meal plus kitchen waste, soybean meal plus Taiwan sea bream scraps (Note: fish bones, fish meat, intestines removed from Taiwan sea bream), soybean meal plus kitchen I added three kinds of foodstuffs with wood chips, and fed them after fermentation treatment. The calculation method of this experiment was adopted to adopt the traditional composting method. Different feeds and different light sources were used to feed the black water fly. From hatching to the growth of larvae, there were three different light sources. And divided into three groups for testing. Test results; The intensity of the plant light in the light can meet the needs of black water fly growth and mating. Under this light source, the mating amount of adult insects can reach more than 85 pairs. This means that the light source of the fuchsia plant lamp can stimulate the black water fly adult, and the irradiation of sunlight has a very important role in the mating behavior of the black water fly, and the plant lamp can meet the light intensity or the quality of the light. The need for black water flies to match the light can partially replace the sunlight in winter or rainy days. Based on the research of many black water flies, combined with years of experience in the industry, it was used as the experimental parameter of this study. It is hoped that this paper will provide more information about the breeding industry that is about to start or already operate, accurately conduct cost-benefit assessment, and improve the scale production and application level of domestic black water flies. |
