| 摘要: | 本研究以佛光山開山宗長星雲大師為研究對象，藉由西方領導學理論：魅力領導、任務導向領導、僕人領導為論述基礎，認為大師的領導模式與西方領導學雷同，但卻有其作為一名宗教領袖的獨到之處。換言之，大師的領導模式蘊含著其宗教情操。 本研究第二章，藉由魅力領導理論追溯大師成長過程中的人格塑造，是構成大師弘法初期對個人的領導模式。即以個人在行為、言語、精神上的超凡表現，感召追隨者的景仰及信賴，進而願意追隨其領導。大師的魅力領導之道在於懂得「知人、育人、用人、留人」，以此開發青年學佛，甚至成為弘揚佛教的生力軍。 本研究第三章，以任務導向領導論述大師的組織領導風格。此章引述大師在青年時期受到太虛大師新佛教運動的思想啟蒙，在後期佛光山組織的領導上，特別著重集體創作、制度領導的行事風範。集體創作、制度領導，建立佛光山僧信二眾共同的弘法使命，促進佛光山組織的茁壯成長。 本研究第四章，透過僕人領導剖析大師四給的服務精神對社會的影響及價值。大師以四給精神推展文化、教育、慈善事業體系，勢必利濟群生，不以營利為目標。其價值包含五個價值：第一，堅持「給與」、「利他」、「濟世」的精神，把「求」的佛教變成「給」的佛教；第二，抱持「非佛不作」的原則，讓人生起敬仰並樂意追隨；第三，秉持淨化人心的宗旨，超越金錢利益關係；第四，心懷「弘法利生」的願心，成就菩薩道；第五，以「服務他人」為前提，視他人的需要與利益提出相對應的服務。 大師的僕人領導精神與價值，彰顯的是佛教以無為有、以空為樂的性格，真正做到「無緣大慈、同體大悲」的最上等服務。大師的領導觀，無論是對個人、組織，乃至社會，秉持的都是希望自己實施的辦法能夠讓眾生獲得生命的昇華。
This paper examines on the perspective of leadership of Venerable Master Hsing Yun (refer as Venerable Master), the founder of Fo Guang Shan Buddhist organization. This study is based on the Western leadership theories of charismatic leadership, task-oriented leadership, and servant leadership, and argues that Venerable Master's leadership model is similar to Western leadership, but possesses his own unique characteristics as a religious leader. In other words, Venerable Master's perspective of leadership embodies his religious sentiments. The outline of second chapter of this study, charismatic leadership theory is used to trace the formation of the personality of Venerable Master during his formative years, which constituted his personal leadership pattern in the early years of his dharma propagation stage. That is, through his extraordinary behavior, speech, and spirituality, he inspired the admiration and trust of his followers, who were then willing to follow his leadership. The way of charismatic leadership possessed by Venerable Master is to Understand, Nurture, Employ, and Retain people, so as to develop young people to learn Buddhism, and even to become an effort for Dharma propagation. The outline of third chapter discusses Venerable Master's organizational leadership style in terms of task-oriented leadership. This chapter cites that Venerable Master was inspired by the ideas of the New Buddhist Movement of Master Taixu in his youth, and that in his leadership of the later Buddhist organizations, he eemphasized on “Work by collective effort, Lead by a system”. The idea of “work by collective effort and lead by a system” established the common mission of Fo Guang Shan Buddhist monks and lay peoples to promote the dharma and facilitate the growth of Fo Guang Shan organization. The outline of fourth chapter of this study analyzes the impact and value of Venerable Master's four giving spirit of service on society through servant leadership. With the spirit of the four giving, Venerable Master promotes cultures, education and charity works which are bound to benefit all sentient beings and are not aimed at profit-making. The significant values of this business system include, first, the insistence on the spirit of “giving”, “altruism”, and “relief”, turning the Buddhism of “seeking” into the Buddhism of “giving”. Second, uphold the principle of “do what is in accordance with Buddha”, inspiring people admiration and be willing to follow. Third, uphold the purpose of purifying people's minds and transcending pecuniary interests. Fourth, with the desire to “promote the Dharma and benefit sentient beings” and achieve the bodhisattva path. Fifth, take “service to others” as a premise and offer services corresponding to the needs and interests of others. The spirit and value of Venerable Master's leadership is a manifestation of Buddhism's character of owns by having nothing, taking joy in being empty, which is truly the highest level of service of “great compassion and compassion without boundaries”. The perspective of leadership of Venerable Master Hsing Yun, whether for individuals, organizations, or even society, his principles is always on wishes to implement methods that will lead to the sublimation of life for all beings. |
