《法華經•常不輕菩薩品》的思想與實踐之研究

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Title:	《法華經•常不輕菩薩品》的思想與實踐之研究
Other Titles:	A Study of Bodhisattva Sadāparibhūta's Thought and Practice of Lotus Sūtra
Authors:	陳弘（釋法淨） CHEN, HUNG
Contributors:	宗教學研究所黃國清 HUANG, KUO-CHING
Keywords:	常不輕菩薩;中道佛性;授記;智顗;吉藏;一佛乘 Sadāparibhūta;the Middle Way spoken of in terms of Buddha Nature;prophecy;Zhiyi;Jizang;Eka-yāna
Date:	2022
Issue Date:	2023-11-14 10:36:13 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	《法華經》中有較受華人地區的佛法修學者歡迎的觀世音菩薩、普賢菩薩等大菩薩的修行典範，因此對於常不輕菩薩的關注甚少。長期以來，許多專門研修《法華經》的佛教學法者，強調〈常不輕菩薩品〉的忍辱無相法門，而忽略其在《法華經》在品序編排的位置及重要意義。　　常不輕菩薩是釋迦牟尼佛的前身，以特殊的「突兀」禮拜修行法門，使眾人產生「驚嚇」的感覺，藉機鼓勵眾生受持、讀誦大乘經典，以佛教般若智慧觀引導修行，並積聚福德善根之功德為輔。常不輕菩薩的主要目的在讓修學佛法者回歸經典的學習，而親身實踐法華一佛乘的修行理想目標。　　《法華經》〈常不輕菩薩品〉的一佛乘思想是依於緣起性空無自性的觀點，主張任何眾生只要肯修大乘，依佛教的智慧真理修行皆能平等成佛；智顗與吉藏擷取《大般涅槃經》佛性思想，作為詮釋《法華經》一乘的內涵，咸認眾生本具「正因佛性」之理體，惟待事修緣成，並以般若智慧為「了因佛性」，以修行福德善根為「緣因佛性」，來開顯「正因佛性」。本研究發現中印佛教對《法華經》皆以般若為真理觀是毋庸置疑的。　　本論文研究的目的在於會通常不輕菩薩的一乘思想和智顗及吉藏的中道佛性思想的之義理思想，冀望對行者在修行實踐上有所裨益。　　The practice paragons of great bodhisattvas in the Lotus Sūtra, such as Avalokitesvara and Samantabhadra, are more popular with Buddhism practitioners in the area of Chinese societies. Therefore, little attention has been paid to the Sadāparibhūta. For a long time, many Buddhism practitioners focusing on the study of the Lotus Sutra have emphasized the practice of forbearance and the approach of liberation from signs in the “Bodhisattva Sadāparibhūta,” and ignore its position and significance in the order arrangement in the Lotus Sūtra.　　Sadāparibhūta is the predecessor of Sakyamuni. He practiced the dharma with a special “abrupt” cultus, which made people feel “frightened,” and encouraged sentient beings to accept, read and recite the mahāyāna sutra, to guide their practice with the wisdom of Buddhism prajna, and supplemented by accumulating the merits of virtue and roots of goodness. The main purpose of the Sadāparibhūta is to make Buddhism practitioners back to the study of the sutra, and personally practice the ideal practice goal of the Eka-yāna of the Lotus Sutra.　　The Eka-yāna thought of “Bodhisattva Sadāparibhūta” in the Lotus Sūtra is originated from the viewpoint of emptiness (Śūnyatā) and no self-nature. It advocates that all sentient beings will become Buddhas equally as long as they are willing to practice Mahāyāna Buddhism and practice according to the wisdom and truth of Buddhism. Zhiyi and Jizang extracted the nature of Buddha's thoughts from the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra to interpret the connotation of Eka-yāna in the Lotus Sūtra. It believes that all sentient beings are born with “buddha-nature of direct cause,” waiting for the practice completion and the serendipity arrival, using the wisdom of prajna as the “revealing cause of buddha-nature,” and practicing the merits of virtue and roots of goodness as the “conditional causes of buddha-nature” to manifest “buddha-nature of direct cause.” This study found that there are no doubts about the view of Prajna as the truth in the Lotus Sūtra for both Chinese and Indian Buddhism.　　The purpose of this thesis research is to comprehend the meaning and principle of the Eka-yāna thought of Sadāparibhūta, and the thought of Zhiyi and Jizang, hoping to benefit the practitioners in the practice.
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