| 摘要: | 佛教在佛滅後，教義發展史曾產生過部派業感緣起論、中觀派的緣起性空說、唯識瑜伽行派的阿賴耶識緣起論等，全都是環繞佛陀緣起說而開展。緣起說概括三法印（無常、無我與涅槃寂滅）與四諦說。佛世時代業思想是承繼《吠陀》、《奧義書》、耆那教、婆羅門教等宗教學派，並創新出「無我」、「八正道」、「四聖諦」、「十二緣起」理論。阿毘達摩論主張「三世實有」、「緣起性實」、「無表業」的理論，而後第二世紀大乘佛教興起龍樹提出「緣起性空」、「我空」、「法空」說。在佛教興起時代，有哪些宗教學說與佛世時代業思想牽聯？佛陀的業思想為獨創？本論文主要探討業思想之脈絡與發展，佛世時代《阿含經》，佛後時代《阿毘達摩》，大乘初期以龍樹的中觀學說《中觀論頌．觀業品》為例，大乘中期唯識學以《成唯識論》業思想為主要研究範圍。由不同學派的業思想理論，做一概略性解說比較分析，以「文獻學方法」、「思想研究法」對業思想作整體縱貫性的建構理解。本論文為正確理解佛陀的言教，以確立正知見，消除我執，從「苦」中解脫，是筆者在人生學佛過程中永遠努力追尋的目標。對佛陀業思想的部分，根據若干史料及其著作的整理，期以能有一個整體的概念性認識。
After the death of the Buddha, the history of the development of Buddhist teachings has produced the theory of karma dependent origination, the empty theory of dependent origination of the Madhyamaka school, and the theory of alaya consciousness of the Consciousness-Only Yoga Practice, all of which were developed around the Buddha's theory of dependent origination. The theory of Dependent Origination summarizes the three dharma seals (impermanence, non-self, and nirvana) and the four truths. The thought of karma in the Buddha's time is inherited from the “Vedas”, “Upanishads”, Jainism, Brahmanism and other religious schools, and innovated “selflessness”, “Eightfold Path”, “Four Noble Truths” and “Twelve Dependent Originations” theory. The Abhidhamma theory advocates that “the three times actually have the theory of “dependence-originated nature” and “non-appearance karma”, and then in the second century Mahayana Buddhism, Nagarjuna raised the theory of “dependent-originated nature and emptiness”, “self-emptiness”, and “dharma-emptiness”. In the era of the rise of Buddhism, what religious theories are related to the thoughts of karma in the era of Buddhism? Is the Buddha's karma thought original? This paper mainly discusses the context and development of karma thoughts, the “Agama Sutra” in the Buddha's era, the “Abhidhamma” in the post-Buddhist era, and Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka theory in the early Mahayana period. Taking “Guan Ye Pin” as an example, Consciousness-Only Studies in the middle period of Mahayana took “Cheng Wei Consciousness Theory” as the main research scope. Based on the theory of karma thought of different schools, make a general explanation and comparative analysis, and use the “philology method” and “thought research method” to make an overall and longitudinal construction and understanding of karma thought. This dissertation aims to correctly understand the teachings of the Buddha, to establish correct knowledge, to eliminate self-attachment, and to be free from “suffering”. This is the goal that the author will always strive to pursue in the process of studying Buddhism in life. For the part of Buddha's karma thought, according to the collation of some historical materials and his works, it is expected to have an overall conceptual understanding. |
