雙族裔青少年的認同歷程與適應

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Title:	雙族裔青少年的認同歷程與適應
Other Titles:	The Identity Development and Adaption of Biracial Teenager
Authors:	何珍儀 HO, CHEN-YI
Contributors:	國際事務與企業學系公共政策研究碩士班劉華宗 LIU, HUA-TSUNG
Keywords:	青少年;雙族裔;族群認同;生活適應 Youth;Biracial;Ethnic Identity;Life Adaptation
Date:	2023
Issue Date:	2023-11-14 15:07:10 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本研究旨在探討擁有兩種以上族群身分的青少年在生活互動中認同與適應的情形，採用深度訪談法，訪問9位16至25歲具不同族別之雙族裔青少年，探究其在家庭、學校與社會環境影響下族群認同形塑之歷程，其研究結果如下：一、雙族裔青少年的認同傾向與影響因素　　依據訪談結果發現，擁有原住民族裔的青少年較有明確的認同傾向，會選擇單一族群作為歸屬，而閩南、客家、外省族裔者之族群認同較不明確，可能選擇兩邊都認同，或是較無族群區分之意識。影響因素的部分，家庭事務主導權在父母親哪方之影響有所差異但相關性較不明確；家庭經濟主導權對於青少年的族群認同則有部分影響力。親子關係的部分，青少年雖與父母之互動良好，但因相處過程較難得到族群文化知識的學習，青少年也難以養成自身文化的認同。其他因素則為1.青少年較易認同老家或是常居住地之族群2.與同儕的互動有助於提升文化接觸的機會，使他們激發對於自身文化的求知慾與使命感並進行思辨。二、雙族裔青少年的生活適應與影響因素（一）、原生家庭背景對於生活適應的影響　　經資料得出家中經濟狀況與青少年的生活適應問題較無顯著關係，不因家境富裕或困苦而有較不佳或較佳之生活適應情形，反而是較易與人際關係及個人之個性、性格有關；訪談結果發現與家人互動關係較良好者，生活適應亦較良好。（二）、個人適應　　有青少年認為族群認同的區分不太重要，對於父母雙方的族群皆認同，而有明確族群認同者，即便因該身分感到困擾，但並不會因此放棄這份認同；青少年對於文化傳承的部分皆認同其重要性。就算原生家庭因多重因素而較少有文化知識的傳授，不過現已有很多其他學習的機會，可依個人意願付出行動學習。（三）、家庭適應　　在與家族長輩相處時，會面臨文化差異所帶來的困惑，甚至是生活習慣的碰撞，然而面對這些問題，青少年會尋求適應的方法、實際付出行動，使與長輩的互動更為順利。在宗教信仰的部分不因族群不同而有明顯之差異，受訪者家中多為異宗教的結合，雙親對於子女信仰多採取不強迫之教養方式，其子女對於父母之信仰也予以尊重；至於有宗教信仰之青少年皆認為信仰對其心靈層面以及為人處事上都有莫大的助益，面對異宗教的結合並不覺得衝突與排斥。（四）、同儕適應　　與同儕的互動會使青少年增加文化接觸的機會，若有遇到相同族群認同的同儕會較有親切感，但並不會因此做為選擇交友的條件。若因族群而在他人互動上碰到困難，會靜待時間去習慣或求助他人及仿效成功的經驗去調適。不過在表明自身族群身分時多少還是會有所顧忌，除非有討論到族群相關的議題，或是在有較多相同族群身分的人的地方，才會大方分享與他人介紹自己的族群身分。　　The purpose of this study was to explore the identification and adaptation of youth with two or more ethnic identities in their daily interactions. Through in-depth interviews to nine biracial or multiracial youth aged 16 to 25, aiming to investigate the process of ethnic identity formation influenced by their family, school, and social environments. The research findings are as follows.1.Identification tendencies and influencing factors among biracial youth.　　Based on the interview results, it was found that youth with indigenous ethnic backgrounds tend to have a clear identification tendency and choose a single ethnic group for belonging. On the other hand, those with Minnan, Hakka, or Mainlander ethnic backgrounds have less clear ethnic identity, often choosing to identify with both sides. Regarding influencing factors, the dominance of decision-making in family affairs varied between parents but showed less clear correlation. The dominance of economic decision-making in the family had some impact on the ethnic identity of youth. In terms of parent-child relationships, although youth had good interactions with their parents, the limited exposure to cultural knowledge during their interactions hindered their development of cultural identity. Other factors include: (1). Youth tend to identify with the ethnic group of their hometown or the place they frequently reside in. (2). Interactions with peers contribute to increased opportunities for cultural exposure, stimulating their curiosity towards their own culture and encouraging critical thinking.2.Adaptation to life and influencing factors among biracial youth.(1) Influence of family background on life adaptation　　Based on the data, it was found that the economic situation within the family had little significant relationship with the life adaptation issues of youth. Whether the family was affluent or economically disadvantaged did not necessarily result in better or worse life adaptation. Instead, the quality of interpersonal relationships and the individual's personality and character were more closely related to their life adaptation. The interview results indicated that youth who had better interactions with their family members also had better life adaptation.(2) Personal adaptation　　Some youth believed that the distinction of ethnic identity was not particularly important. They identified with both ethnicities of their parents, and even those who had a clear ethnic identity, despite feeling troubled by it, did not give up on that identification. Youth recognized the importance of cultural heritage. Even if the original family had limited cultural knowledge to impart due to various factors, there are now many other opportunities for learning, allowing individuals to take action and learn based on their own willingness.(3) Family adaptation　　When interacting with older family members, youth may face confusion due to cultural differences and clashes in daily habits. However, in response to these challenges, youth seek adaptive methods and take practical actions to facilitate smoother interactions with their elders. In terms of religious beliefs, there are no significant differences based on ethnic backgrounds. Many interviewees come from families with different religious affiliations, and parents generally adopt a non-coercive approach towards their children's beliefs, while the children also show respect for their parents' beliefs. As for youth with religious beliefs, they consider faith to be greatly beneficial to their spiritual well-being and how they conduct themselves, and they do not feel conflicted or excluded when encountering different religious affiliations.(4) Peer adaptation　　Interacting with peers provides opportunities for increased cultural exposure. While youth may feel a sense of familiarity with peers who share the same ethnic identity, it is not a determining factor in choosing friends. If they encounter difficulties in social interactions due to their ethnic background, they tend to wait patiently and adapt by getting used to the situation over time, seeking help from others, or learning from successful experiences. However, when disclosing their own ethnic identity, they may still have some concerns. They are more likely to openly share and introduce their ethnic identity when discussing ethnic-related issues or when in the presence of a larger number of individuals with the same ethnic background.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of International and China Studies, The M.A. Program of Asia-Pacific Studies and Public Policy Studies] Disserations and Theses(M.A. Program in Public Policy Studies)

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