| 摘要: | 本文研究近現代中國佛學大師太虛的法華思想，透過其注釋文句的詳密爬梳，闡釋他注解此經的中心思想。在《法華經講錄》講解文句之前，太虛提出應先釐清的三個問題，最關鍵的討論是一切眾生的成佛可能性。《講錄》以窺基《法華經玄贊》為講經底本，窺基堅持五姓各別說，徹底否定部份有情的成佛潛能。太虛雖不否定五姓各別說，但主張種姓區分非決定性，成立眾生成佛的意義。對於全經的科判，《講錄》一依窺基之說，並無太虛個人特色；《妙法蓮華經懸論》雖依天台教理而調適之，科判卻無關天台本跡之說，而以佛知見的「開、示、悟、入」作為判釋全經的結構。以此理解方式將全經連成一個由淺而深的修證歷程，引領聞法者於一乘妙法信教、解理、修行、實證，實現如來教化一切眾生成佛的出世本懷。太虛將「佛知見的開示悟入」視為全經的中心思想，以其最高義理基準「法界圓覺宗」詮釋「佛知見」。「佛知見」即佛的圓滿智慧，所證境即諸法實相、法性真如、如來功德藏、一乘妙法等。如同佛性思想的常見結構，此生佛不二的真如實相為迷悟之所依，眾生為無始來無明煩惱所障，本有佛性而不知不見，須待如來開、示、悟、入佛之知見，始得證入一乘妙法。以太虛佛學思想為媒介可將其法華詮釋延伸到利濟世間的實踐：人人開發真如佛性，可促進完美個人與大同社會的實現。若植基於實相智慧，一切利生事業都屬開示悟入的法門。佛知見的趣入，應由人乘升進於大乘，不離人群利濟活動。
Venerable Tai-xu was a great master in modern Chinese Buddhism, he has written many commentaries on Buddhist texts, including those on the Lotus Sutra. In this article, we discuss his thought of the Lotus Sutra, which shows his specific understanding. Before the exposition of the sentences, he suggested three issues to be solved, surrounding the possibility of every sentient being to be the Buddha. Tai-xu’s Exposition on the Lotus Sutra is a work based on Kui-ji’s A Commentary on the Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra written in Tang Dynasty. Kui-ji maintained that some kinds of sentient being cannot become the Buddha forever, however, Tai-xu confirmed the wisdom potentiality of each sentient being to become the Buddha. As regards the analysis of the structure of this sutra, he suggested “the teaching, displaying, making understood and making enlightened the knowing and seeing of the Buddha” as the main theme of this sutra, and based on that he showed the whole process of Buddha’s leading all sentient beings into the wonderful dharma of One Vehicle. Since Tai-xu regarded the “the Knowing and Seeing of the Buddha” as the most important concept in this sutra, the exposition of it became the first task. The used his specific idea of “the perfect enlightenment of the Dharma Realm” to interpret this concept, and showed that the Knowing and Seeing of the Buddha is the same thing as the Suchness or Dharma nature, Buddhahood, Tathāgata-garbha, the wonderful dharma of One Vehicle, etc. Althought the Buddhahood is equally owned by the Buddha and all sentient beings, due to the covering effect of ignorance the latter cannot realize this meaning. To make all the sentient beings realize the Knowing and Seeing of the Buddha is the only one purpose for the Buddha to appear on the earth. |
