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| 題名: | 中國大陸城鄉差距之成因及其影響 |
| 其他題名: | The Origins and Impacts of Urban-Rural Differences in Mainland China |
| 作者: | 李佶澄
Li, Chi-Cheng |
| 貢獻者: | 國際暨大陸事務學系亞太研究碩士班
胡聲平
Sheng-Ping Hu |
| 關鍵詞: | 基礎建設;剪刀差;社會階層化;城鄉差距;資源分配
infrastructure;difference in price of agricultural andindustrial;social stratification;Urban-rural gap;resource distribution |
| 日期: | 2014 |
| 上傳時間: | 2014-11-21 15:52:45 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 根據中國官方、學界及世界銀行的統計數字，中國大陸城鄉差距嚴重程度名列世界前茅，成為中國在亞太地區乃至於世界經貿系統中競爭力衰微的隱憂。本研究期能透過包含社會階層化中的衝突觀點及功能觀點；二元經濟理論以及循環累積因果理論，進行解釋與比較，探討影響中國大陸城鄉差距的有關因素，並透過分析這些因素所造成的城鄉發展影響，以探討城鄉差距問題的持續惡化情形及對國家整體的負面作用。 研究的主要發現，在於透過社會階層化中的衝突觀點及功能觀點，掌握中國大陸決定城鄉角色與資源分配的原則，乃是社會中既得利益者權力的分配，而非社會的需求或共通價值。造成中國大陸城鄉差距的政策性因素，主要體現在國家經濟政策的城市偏向和政策上的財富分配不平等。政府在執行就業、資金投入、財政稅收政策、教育及各種醫療社保和其他福利待遇等方面實行城鄉分治，優先發展工業和城市的政策，為促進工業和城市的發展制定了許多優惠政策，而以犧牲農業發展和農民利益為代價，通過工農業產品價格的「剪刀差」，將資本從農業轉向工業。同時，農民承擔的負擔有增無減，農業生產資料的價格有升無降，導致城鄉居民收入差距進一步擴大。最終，為確保城鎮經濟發展成果及全面性政治控制的戶籍制度，結構性的深化城鎮與農村間的發展差異，加上教育資源分配失衡所導致的人力資本累積差異，致使城鄉差距終至不可回復的地步，即使近年來經濟力的大幅躍昇，仍無法控制全面性的資源分配失衡，無論是公共衛生、交通及基礎建設、產業投資等各層面都持續加劇城鄉差距問題。
According to the Chinese the statistics of official, educational world and World Bank, the mainland China urban-rural gap order of severity is the world vanguard, becomes China in the Asia-Pacific region is in the world economics and trade system the competitive power as for the concealed worry that is on the decline. This research time can by containing the conflict viewpoint and function viewpoint in social stratification; Second-hand house theory as well as the circulation accumulation causes and effects theory, carries on the explanation and compares, the discussion affects mainland China urban-rural gap the related factor, and penetrates to analyze the city and countryside development influence that these factors have, to discuss urban-rural gap issue persistent worsened situation and to national overall negative role. Main discovery of research, lies in the conflict viewpoint and function viewpoint by social stratification, grasps the principle of mainland China decision city and countryside role and resource distribution, is in the society the assignment of those with vested interests authority, but the demand or common value of non-society. Creates mainland China urban-rural gap the policy factor, mainly manifests in the urban the wealth assignment in deviation and policy of national economy policy is not equal. The government implemented the city and countryside to partition in various other execution employment, funding and fiscal levy policies, education and medical social securities and welfare benefits and other aspects, gives priority to the policy of industrial and city, has formulated many preferential policies for the promotion the development of industry and city, but took sacrificing the agricultural development and interest of peasant as the price, through industrial and agricultural product price. "difference in price of agricultural and industrial", changed the industry from the agriculture the capital. Meanwhile, the burden that the farmer undertakes increases steadily, the price of agricultural means of production has to rise not to fall, causing the income gap between urban and rural residents to further expand. Finally, to guarantee the residency registration system of the town economy development achievement and integrity political control, the development difference between constitutive deepened cities and rural area, the human capital accumulation difference that in addition the educational resources assignment causes unbalancedly, causing the urban-rural gap to result in not the revertible situation, even if the large jump of economic power, is unable to control the integrity resource distribution to be unbalanced in recent years, the public health, transportation and infrastructure, the industrial investment and other levels continue to intensify the urban-rural gap issue. |
| 顯示於類別: | [國際事務與企業學系(亞太研究碩士班,公共政策研究碩士班,歐洲研究碩士班)] 博碩士論文-亞太研究碩士班
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