關於影響組織成效之研究，早期將焦點置於員工對組織的組織承諾，晚近的研究關注員工知覺組織支持對於工作態度的作用情形，強調組織內社會關係對於個人的影響力。雖然相關研究頗多，但是大多以營利組織或者是權力階層清晰的科層組織為分析對象，以「學校教師」為對象所進行的討論，尚有補充的必要。 本研究先討論員工知覺組織支持、工作態度與工作績效三者之間的關係，回顧相關研究的作法與研究發現，接著說明「學校」這類組織與營利事業的不同，以及「教師」這項工作與其他職業的差異，以表明本研究之必要性。而後以嘉義縣市公立國中教師為研究對象，以問卷調查方式進行資料收集，分析結果發現：一、 教師個人特質及背景因素，與工作態度之間並無關聯性。二、 教師所知覺的整體組織支持，對於其整體的工作態度具有正向效果。三、 教師所知覺的組織人際關係支持程度，對其組織承諾及離職意願並沒有什麼影響。四、 教師感受到的主管支持程度，對其工作滿意度、工作投入程度及離職意願，並無影響力。五、 相對而言，教師知覺的制度性支持與工具性支持，對其各面向工作態度的影響較大。 The study about the factors affecting organization efficiency had focused on the organizational commitment of employees for a long time. To date, the relationship between employees’ perceived organizational support and their work attitude has been emphasized because the social relations within the organization were meaningful. The related discussions and researches are full, but most of them focused on profit organizations and ignored school teachers as the object. This study discusses the relationships among the employees' perceived organizational support, work attitude and job performance, and then reviews other researchers’ discussions and findings. Furthermore, we interpret the differences between schools and for-profit enterprises, teaching stuffs and other employees. Then we sampled from the public junior high schools in Chia-yi and collected information with the questionnaire survey. The results of the linear regression suggest 1) the working attitude is not related to the teacher’s personal characteristics and background factors; 2) teachers’ perception to overall organizational support affects their overall working attitude; 3) teachers’ perception to interpersonal supports in organizations has no impact on their organizational commitment and the intention to quit; 4) teachers’ perception to the supports from supervisors has no influence on their job satisfaction, job involvement and the intention to quit; 5) by contrast, institutional and instrumental supports that teachers perceived affect their work attitude.
