本研究主要的目的在探討四到六歲階段的幼兒在面對環境轉換時，他們會面對的困境有哪些？而家長或其他成人會提供哪些保護因子，能使他們順利地面對這些逆境。本研究採用質性研究的方式，以半結構式訪談進行資料蒐集，對象以立意取樣及滾雪球方式，訪談八位家中有一位或一位以上之4~6歲之幼兒的母親，每位受訪者的受訪時間為一至兩個小時。訪談的結果採用主題分析法進行資料分析，先將受訪者有意義之話題找出，進行編碼、總結為次主題，再分類為主題形成結論，最後再請受訪者進行檢證及回饋。研究結果發現如下：一、4-6歲面對轉換環境的適應困境以發展尚未成熟及家庭分離為主。二、幼兒環境轉換困境的家庭保護因子具有階段性意義：階段一：透過建立幼兒正向信念加強轉換至新環境的適應能力，階段二：藉由家庭中熟悉的方式及主動溝通增加幼兒正向經驗達到適應，階段三：增加幼兒的興趣才藝的學習轉移困境焦點緩和困境的壓力。研究結論歸納出二個結論，結論一：個人發展無法配合環境的要求時，在面對環境轉換時會影響到幼兒的環境適應能力，造成幼兒的適應困境。結論二：家庭的保護因子中，加強新環境的正向心理預備、使用家中熟悉的保護方式、主動溝通、以及增加幼正向的成功經驗，皆對幼兒遭逢環境轉換的困境具有保護力。 The aim of this study was to explore the difficulties 4 to 6-year-old children faced when they experienced environmental transitions and protective facotors adults could offer in such adverse circumstacnes. Research data were collected by utilizing semi-structured interviews from 8 mothers who had one or more children aged 4 to 6. Thematic analysis was employed to generate results.The results showed that if children were not physically mature enough to fulfill environamental requirements, they would face difficutlties in adjustment when they met environmental transitions.Additionally, children’s main difficulties in evnrionmental transition were physical inmaturity and sepration from family. However, when adults actively utilized home environment to offer children positive experiences and prepartion in new environment, children demonstrated better adjustment inenvironmental transtions. Moreover, these protective factors should be arranged in phases.
