南華大學機構典藏系統:Item 987654321/21200
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    Title: 老人資本、自評健康與醫療資源使用相關性之研究
    Authors: 江哲超
    Chiang, Che-chao
    Contributors: 社會學研究所
    齊力
    Li Chi
    Keywords: 醫療資源使用;資本;自評健康
    Date: 2003
    Issue Date: 2015-05-28 17:30:44 (UTC+8)
    Abstract:   全民健康保險制度是台灣目前最重要的社會福利政策,而許多的官方統計數字皆相繼指出,老人為醫療資源最主要的使用者,因此,進一步探討影響老人醫療使用行為之要素,及避免不必要醫療資源使用,實為制定政策者之重要議題。    本研究使用實徵資料,探討台灣老人所擁有的資本對其健康情形與醫療使用情形造成的影響。同時並以衛生署家庭計畫研究所(原為台灣省家庭計畫研究所),於1989年與1993年所舉辦的「台灣地區老人保健與生活問題調查」及1996年的「台灣地區中老年保健與生涯規劃調查」為分析資料。    此調查樣本為長期追蹤(panel)的貫時性機率抽樣調查,是家庭計畫研究所於1989年時,以1988年年底滿60歲以上並居住地為非山地地區之老人,為抽樣的母群體,以分層隨機抽樣之方法,分別進行電話或實地面訪完成調查,總共選取樣本總數為4,412名案例。 不過為了減少偏誤產生,本研究只選取三次調查接為存活之2669名案例。    研究成果分述如下:    資本與醫療資源使用情形之關係:    經濟資本與醫療資源使用情形之關係:假設檢定的結果顯示,經濟收入愈高的的老人,其每月門診次數愈少。而經濟狀況分數的高分組老人,相較於低分組老人有較少的每年住院次數。經濟狀況分數的高分組與中分組老人,相較於低分組老人則有較少的每年住院日數。可見當老人擁有較佳經濟資本時,便容易比經濟資本較差的老人擁有較佳的健康,使得其在醫療資源使用的三項指標中皆呈現出比較少的使用情形。     文化資本與醫療資源使用情形之關係:假設檢定的結果顯示,學歷變項在西醫門診使用上,並未達統計顯著水準,不過,相較於不識字的老人而言,較高學歷的老人普遍呈現出較少的使用量,此外,學歷變項,而在另一項醫療指標,老人每年的住院天數上,卻顯示出較高學歷的老人反而有較多的平均住院天數,且達統計顯著水準。此外媒體閱聽變項在醫療資源使用三項指標中,皆呈現出負向影響。    社會資本與醫療資源使用情形之關係:假設檢定的結果顯示,家庭支持分數愈高的老人,在醫療資源使用三項指標中,皆呈現出愈多的醫療使用行為,換言之,本研究發現若能從家庭內,獲得愈多日常生活行動上幫助的老人,愈容易有使用醫療資源的傾向。此外,存活子女數愈多的老人,在西醫住院天數上也呈現出愈多的趨勢。顯然,老人在利用醫療資源時,其能否從家庭獲得適當的協助,對於順利取得醫療資源的有極大的關係。    資本與健康狀況之關係:假設檢定的結果顯示,經濟資本的三組衡量指標,皆顯示出對老人健康狀態的正向影響。其次,文化資本的三項衡量指標中,亦顯示出對老人健康狀態的正向影響,簡言之,學歷高、閱讀頻率高、媒體閱聽頻率高的老人,愈容易擁有較佳的健康狀態。再者,社會資本中社區參與亦與健康狀態為正向相關,換言之,老人的社區參與程度愈高,則其健康情況亦愈好。   健康狀況與醫療資源使用情形之關係:假設檢定的結果顯示,自評健康狀況較差、慢性疾病總數較多、身體功能分數較低的的老人,其每月門診次數使用情形有較高的傾向。不過,衛生習性中-飲酒變項對每月門診次數,卻呈現出負向的影響。此外,自評健康狀況較差、身體功能分數較低、ADL分數較低的老人,其每年西醫住院次數亦有較多的趨勢。再者,自評健康狀況較差、身體功能分數較低的老人,其每年西醫住院日數研究結果顯示呈現有較多的傾向。   由以上的結果可知,老人的資本除了直接對醫療資源使用行為產生影響外,其最主要的影響,是透過對健康狀況間接的對醫療資源使用情形,產生影響。簡單的說,當老人有較佳的資本時,便可以較輕易擁有較佳的健康狀況,而健康狀況較佳的老人,便有較少的醫療資源使用情形,因此,老人的健康狀況仍是影響其醫療資源使用行為的重要因素。 
      National health insurance system is one of the most important social welfare policies. Many official statistics show that the elderly people are the major users of medical resources. Therefore, it is important to further study the elderly people's use of medical resources, and how to refrain from the waste of medical resources.    The study uses empirical data to analyze the influence of capitals owned by the elderly people on use of medical resource. The main purposes are: the relations between the elderly people's capitals, health status and use of medical resource.    A set of panel survey data conducted by Taiwan Provincial Institute of Family Planning and its successor national health bureau was used. The data include three times of surveys, respectively "The survey of the elderly people's health and life problem in Taiwan" in 1989 and 1993, and " The survey of the middle-aged and elderly people's health and career planning in Taiwan" in 1996. The data were collected by face-to-face interview with a stratified three-staged probabilistic sampling method. People aged above 60 living in non-mountainous area were sampled and interviewed. 4412 cases were successfully interviewed in 1989. However, 2669 cases were successfully followed-up and analyzed here.    The results show that the higher the elderly people’s income, the less the frequency of getting outpatient service. The elderly people who got higher score of economic status have less frequency and days of hospitalization.    Education is not significantly related to frequency of getting outpatient service. However, compared to the illiterate, the other people tend to use less. In terms of days of hospitalization, however, the higher the educational level, the more the days of hospitalization. As for the impacts of media reading on use of medical resource, negative relations were found.    The higher the score of family support, the more use of medical resource. Besides, the more the number of living children, the more the tendency of use of medical resource. Family support is highly related to use of medical resources.    All of the indicators of the elderly people’s economic and cultural capitals are positively related to health status. And the most indicators of the elderly people’s health status are negatively related to use of medical resource, except for the variable of drinking.    In short, the elderly people’s economic, cultural, and social capitals positively related to their health status, and health status negatively related to use of medical resource. Therefore, the elderly people who own more capitals will use less medical resources. 
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Applied Sociology, The M.A. Program of Sociology] Disserations and Theses(M.A. Program in Sociology)

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