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| 題名: | 台灣地區民眾的個人主義、家族主義與集體主義價值取向及其變遷 |
| 其他題名: | An Analysis on Taiwan People Individualism, Familism, and Collectivism orientation from 1994 to 1999 |
| 作者: | 洪緹芸
Hung, Ti-Yun |
| 貢獻者: | 教育社會學研究所
齊力
Li Chi |
| 關鍵詞: | 社會變遷;個人主義;家族主義;集體主義;三角關係格局
individualism;triangular scheme;familism;collectivism;social change |
| 日期: | 2004 |
| 上傳時間: | 2015-06-17 14:34:06 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 過去對於各社會的基本價值取向及其變遷的研究，普遍以個人主義和集體主義的連續譜格局來進行分析，傳統中國社會被歸為集體主義的範疇，然而，以二元論的觀點來解釋傳統中國社會顯然是不貼切的，因此，本研究將引用齊力所提出個人主義、集體主義與家族主義的三角關係格局概念，以精確描述傳統中國社會與晚近台灣社會，並利用台灣社會變遷基本調查第二期第五次及第三期第五次文化價值組的資料進行檢視，選取相同變項加以合併，樣本數共計3801案，主要研究發現如下： 首先，在價值取向的變遷方面，資料經多元迴歸分析發現，1999年相對於1994年，個人主義和家族主義價值取向有增加的傾向，但集體主義則有略微下降的趨勢；在進行多項式邏輯迴歸分析發現，集體主義與家族主義相比，1999年比1994年，家族主義價值取向有增加的趨勢，但集體主義價值取向則有下降傾向；而在個人主義和家族主義比較上，並不會隨著社會變遷而有所差異。可見，家族主義與集體主義的變化不是同一個方向，因此，不能將家族主義與集體主義等同視之。 另外，個人背景對價值取向的影響方面，在進行多元迴歸分析發現，本人教育程度愈高者、從事商業服務業人員、居住地在城鎮和都市的民眾、家庭平均月收入愈高者，有較強的個人主義價值取向；宗教信仰為佛教信仰者或民間信仰者、職業別為農林漁牧業者，較重視家族主義價值取向；女性、年齡愈大者、本人教育程度愈高者、宗教信仰為佛教或基督天主教者、族群別為非閩南人、居住地在城鎮或都市的民眾，有較強的集體主義價值取向。在進行多項式邏輯迴歸分析發現，個人主義相對於家族主義而言，本人教育程度愈高者、從事非農林漁牧業者、無宗教信仰者、居住地在都市的民眾，其較重視個人主義價值取向；而集體主義相對於家族主義方面，女性、年齡愈大者、本人教育程度愈高者、宗教信仰為基督天主教者、族群別為客家人、居住地在城鎮或都市的民眾，則較重視集體主義價值取向。 總之，從本研究的資料分析得知，較重視個人主義和集體主義價值取向者，在本人教育程度和宗教信仰上有共同的特徵；而信仰佛教者，則較重視家族主義和集體主義價值取向；此外，在個人主義和家族主義價值取向上，都具有隨著年代變遷而有增加的趨勢。可見，個人主義、家族主義與集體主義之間存在某種程度的同質性，並非完全對立的關係，因此，本研究支持齊力所提出的三角關係格局觀點，家族主義並非個人主義與集體主義連續譜中偏向集體主義的某個位置，而是應該將三者視為一種三角關係的格局概念；而且，社會變遷並不一定是在集體主義與個人主義之間進行直線性變遷，而可能是在三個端點內的曲線變遷。
During past years, studies in the social value-oriented and change generally use the individualism and collectivism (I/C) continuum to characterize various cultures and societies. It is unsuitable to use a dichotomy device characterizing traditional Chinese society into the sphere of collectivism. This essay takes a frame of triangular situation to elaborate the scheme of traditional Chinese society and late Taiwanese society. The concept is based on Chi Li 's insistence, “the concept of triangular scheme among individualism, collectivism and familism (I/C/F triangular scheme)”. Total of 3801 cases from social change survey. The first part of this article is to discuss the change of the orientations of individualistic, collectivist and familistic values campared in 1999 with 1994. The results of multiple regression of data display the scores of individualism-oriented and familism-oriented values are increased trends, but the score of collectivism-oriented value is declined in 1999.And the multinomial logistic regression analysis of data illustrate the scores of familism-oriented value is increasing; collectivism reduced. Although during those years the society is changing, it makes no difference in scores between individualism and familism. Obviously, the direction of familistic change is different from collectivist change , so that familism and collectivism are not equivalent in category. The second part deals with the effect of individual backgrounds on value-oriented. As has been expressed by the results of multiple regression of data, an individual with higher educational degree, being a businessman or serviceman, living in cities or towns, or on a higher average monthly income in his family has an intensive individualism-oriented; who believes in Buddha or folk religions, works as an farmer, husbandry, fisher considers familism-oriented values more important. Females, older people, higher educational degree people, Buddhists, Christians, non southern Fukien ethnic'people, the residents in cities or towns tend to choose collectivism-oriented value. The study shows up the contrastive results by the logistic regression analysis. In the contrast between individualism and familism, higher educational people or individualists or unreligious people or city residents are apt to express individualism-oriented value. In the contrast between collectivism and familism, females, older people, higher educational people living in towns or cities are apt to express collectivism-oriented value. The third and the last part is to interpret the results of the statistics, there are common characters in education levels and religious propensities between individualism-oriented and collectivism-oriented value people. Buddhists preffer familism-oriented and collectivism-oriented value. Additionally, on choosing individualism-oriented value and familism-oriented value, there are increased trends. They do have some kind of similar symptoms among I/C/F, non totally contrary relations among them. The conclusion summarizes Familism is not at the particular position of collectivism in the sphere of I/C continuum. It should be in a frame of triangular situation among I/C/F. And the social change is uncertainly belonged to the mode of the linear change between collectivism and individualism. It may be belonged to the mode of the curviform change in the frame of I/C/F triangular situation. This result support the view of the I/C/F triangular scheme by Chi Li described. |
| 顯示於類別: | [應用社會學系(社會工作與社會設計碩士班,教育社會學碩士班)] 博碩士論文-教育社會學碩士班
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