由於環境與社會的變遷下，導致家庭結構的功能也隨之急速產生變化，近年來，離婚率一直保持增加的趨勢，進而所引發的子女教養、家庭問題均一一浮現出來，令人不得不重視這個日益嚴正的社會問題。而研究者本身從事幼兒學前教育相關工作亦有十餘年的時間，從中接觸到不少單親家庭的幼兒；進而能體會身為單親家庭之父或母的心情，當中的辛酸無奈與辛苦努力，以及單親家庭幼兒對愛的需求與渴望。 本研究以質性研究的深度訪談法為主，邀請五位在幼兒園工作年資均已10年以上的教保人員為受訪者進行深度訪談，探討單親幼兒的家長參與、同儕人際及學習表現，將收集的資料歸納及統整。以下為研究結果：一、單親幼兒的家長在參與子女家中教養及校園事物行為上，會因為個人因素而無法參與及陪伴；而重視親子互動以及親子感受之單親家長，則會熱衷參與子女的生活事宜。建議家長體認家庭教育的重要性、時時與教保人員溝通；多加關心子女。幼兒園則可主動邀請家長擔任義工或抵免月費，一起營造一個正向溫馨學習環境。二、單親因素並不會影響幼兒在校的同儕人際互動之良窳，影響幼兒人際互動關係發展的原因，則是在於幼兒本身的個人特質所致。建議家長建立行為楷模以及教保人員導正幼兒正向行為模式，藉此培養幼兒正向行為養成。三、單親幼兒在學習表現是以個人自身學習態度以及成人引導學習、環境的預備和楷模學習對象，對幼兒在學習表現上具有潛移默化之功能。建議藉由提供友善的學習環境與提升家長參與育兒工作，增進幼兒的學習表現。 Due to the transition of environment and society, the functions of family structure have been changed drastically. In recent years, the divorce rate has been on the rise. The fact comes with many problems, like children’s education and family problems, on which all people need to pay great attention. I, as a researcher of the study, have been an educator of pre-school education for more than 10 years, being acquainted with lots of single parent children. Thus I can understand how hard and distressing a single parent feels and the needs and desires for love that single parent children have been eager for. The study, a qualitative research, has been mainly conducted by the interview method. The 5 invited preschool educators having more than 10 years of experience are the interviewees accepting a profound interview . The study explored the involvement of single parents、peer relationship and academic performance then made a conclusion based upon the data collected.The conclusions are listed as below:一、The single parents are able to accompany or participate in children’s education at home and school affairs because of personal factors.However those single parents who put great emphasis on parents-children interaction are eager to get involved in children’s affairs. For establishing a positive and warm learning environment, the preschools can proactively invite parents to be volunteers. The volunteering can deduct monthly fee. The study suggests that parents should deeply consider the importance of family education, regularly keeping in touch with preschool educators, paying more attention on their children.二、Single-parenthood will not affect the single-parent preschoolers ’peer relationship.However the personal characters do have impacts on the developments of interaction with other children. The study suggests that parents should be a role model and preschool educators should encourage children’s positive behaviors mode in order to foster children’s positive behaviors.三、Single-parent children’s academic performance are basically based upon personal learning attitudes、adults ‘guides、environmental preparation and role modeling. All these factors have influence on children’s academic performance. The study suggests that we can enhance children’s academic performance by providing the children with friendly learning environment and encouraging parents’involement in education.
